Does a loft conversion need planning permission: Planning permission: loft conversions | GOV.WALES

Do I need planning permission to convert our attic? – The Irish Times

My sister bought a house and as we are a family of five in the house, three bedrooms is not enough. I work in the construction industry as a scaffolder and I have contacts for reliable workers. We would like to make an attic conversion, but to make it liveable we want to raise one side of the roof.
How can I do this? Who do I need to contact? Where and how do I obtain the planning permission? What paper work needs to be filled in for this to go ahead?

Converting an attic is a very useful and relatively economic way of creating additional accommodation in a house. This can very often be done without the need for third-party approvals such as planning permission. If the works are largely internal and do not interfere with the overall external appearance of the house, apart from the provision of Velux-style roof lights within the rear roof slope which constitutes exempted development, this does not require planning permission.

However, if it is your intention to raise the height of the roof in, say, a dormer-style extension, then this will materially alter the appearance of the house and planning permission will be required. The only disadvantage of planning permission is that it takes time – minimum three months – and this will inevitably give rise to some additional costs. However, I would not necessarily steer you away from this, as you would ultimately end up with a better/ larger and more useful room by virtue of raising the roof.

Structural implications

It is particularly important to consider the structural implications of converting a roof. Most roofs are triangular and this is perhaps the simplest and best possible structure. Altering this is more significant than one might think, particularly if converting a prefabricated trussed roof, which is fairly typical for most housing estates built within the past 40 years. Truss roofs tended to have the minimum amount of timber but also provided a very efficient structure. By way of example, consider removing some spokes from a bicycle wheel and expect that the bike will perform as well in its converted state as it would have done prior to conversion.

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Accordingly, it is particularly important that you get advice from an appropriate consultant such as a structural engineer before undertaking the conversion works. For the benefit of other readers, I am afraid to have to point out that there are many “dodgy” attic conversions around which are unlikely to meet the appropriate structural requirements, that would be expected of a roof in times of unusual or abnormal storm conditions.

Type of room

Perhaps the most important issue of all to consider is the type of room which is being created as a result of the attic conversion. If you want to achieve the status of a “habitable room” ie a living room or a bedroom, then there are a significant number of obligations to be met in order to comply with the relevant building regulations such as a minimum head height of 2.4m over two-thirds of the floor area of the room, a minimum 800mm wide staircase not exceeding a 42 degree pitch and with a clear minimum head height of 2 metres.

More significantly, one needs to consider the means of escape from the room in the event of a fire. In this respect, I would point out that the majority of houses in Ireland are either single or two-storey houses, and the regulations applicable to these houses are quite modest.

Fire regulations

However, a three-storey house brings you into a different category and a whole host of new regulations which need to be met from a fire escape point of view. If converting an attic in a typical two-storey house to a proper “habitable room”, there is an obligation to ensure a safe means of escape from the room in the event of a fire and this would involve having to upgrade the fire-resistant standard to the staircase at both ground and first floor level; to include upgrading the enclosing walls to one-hour fire-resistant construction and upgrading the doors to half-hour fire-resistant construction complete with self-closing devices. This can be fairly disruptive on the existing house and will give rise to considerable additional cost.

While the regulations are very well intentioned and are there to ensure a minimum quantity of construction, the difficulty posed by the restrictions of the existing house very often means that most “attic conversions” are considered as non-habitable or storage rooms. Before you commit to undertaking an attic conversion, you do need to be fully aware of all the implications of what you are taking on and what you will end up with and, in this respect, it is important to get professional advice. A chartered building surveyor should be more than happy to guide you through the process.

Val O’Brien is a chartered building surveyor and member of the Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland, scsi.ie

Do I Need Planning Permission For A Loft Conversion?

Do you need planning permission for a loft conversion? The short answer: Not always.

But you’re not here for the short answer. Extending your property via a loft extension is an involved process, and there are questions that you’ll want answering along the way. That’s where Loftera comes in.

By the end of this article, you’ll be much more confident in answering the question yourself.

First and foremost, did you know that the majority of loft conversions in the UK do not require planning permission? This is because they tend to fall within the permitted development requirements. However, it goes without saying that you’ll need to gain planning permission should your building work exceed these limits. Don’t worry, we’ll delve into further detail shortly on what these limits are.

Loft Conversion: Do I Need Planning Permission?

If you are committed to converting or extending your loft, you’ll want to familiarise yourself with rules of permitted development. Our immediate advice would be to speak with a qualified architect or builder to confirm whether your plans fall within the required boundaries. They will want the work, so will be absolutely truthful with you.

Before making that call, keep in mind that a loft conversion does fall into the permitted development requirements and you shouldn’t require planning permission as long as the below criteria is met:

• For detached semi-detached properties, the new loft space must not exceed a 50 cubic metre area. This area reduces to 40 cubic metres for terraced houses
• Your loft conversion must not extend beyond the parameter of the front of the property
• Your building work mustn’t extend higher than the existing roof
• Verandas, balconies and raised platforms will need to be disclosed as they may require planning permission
• The extension must look similar to the existing elements of the house, so be sure to use matching materials
• Side-facing windows must not be visible through and be at least 170cm above the ground
• All roof extensions cannot overhang the original outer wall of the property

Should your desired plans fall foul of any of the above limitations, we’re afraid to say that you will require planning permission. However, in today’s digital world, that isn’t a bad thing. It used to be a case of having to go and visit your local council, or heaven forbid pick up the phone and discuss your building requirements. Today, you can simply fill out a form online and your local authorities will come back to you with a decision or to ask for further information. Easy!

We should also mention that the above requirements are for those living in houses. Should you live in a flat, converted house, maisonette or other non-dwelling buildings, you’ll most certainly require planning permission.

Do I Need Planning Permission For A Dormer Loft Conversion?

There are many differing types of dormer loft extensions that homeowners tend to opt for, each with their own advantages. Alternative designs come with alternative dimensions, and so the type of loft conversion that you commit to, will have a huge impact on whether you require planning permission.

Let’s get down to the nitty gritty of some of the more popular design concepts.

Rear Dormer Loft Conversion

In the UK, the most popular type of loft conversion is a rear dormer. It is constructed facing the back of the property, usually where the garden is found, and therefore offers homeowners with the privacy that they require.

A rear dormer lost extension tends to be big enough for an additional bedroom with an en suite, or even an office or extra living room.

In order to stay within the aforementioned permitted developments regulations, any fitted rooflights must not exceed the slope of the existing roof by more than 150mm.

It is extremely rare for this type of loft conversion to add more than 40 cubic metres in area, which fits safely within the permitted development rulings.

Hip-to-Gable Loft Conversion

Hip-to-Gable loft extensions are unique in that they tend to be completed on properties built in the earlier 1900s. Usually required on semi-detached houses, the hipped roof means that there is no gable present – hence the name.

The current ridgeline is required to be expanded to form a new gable, with the area in question usually falling in and around the 50 cubic metres required to carry out the work without acquiring planning permission.

L-Shaped Loft Conversion

Usually found in Victorian houses where the roof is in two sections, an L-shaped loft conversion looks exactly as it sounds.

The larger roofed area tends face the rear of the property, with the smaller roof lower down. The best news? Permitted development gives a thumbs up to extending both roof sections.

With the L-shape design, two rooms can be fitted, opening an array of opportunities to homeowners who want to extend their current property as opposed to moving into a bigger space. Naturally, to comply within the permitted development regulations, the building work must not exceed the aforementioned 50 cubic metres.

The main benefit of this type of loft conversion is that it can add so much living space to an existing property without requiring planning permission.

Velux Conversion

If you’re fortunate enough to live in a property with a ridge height exceeding 250cm, then a Velux conversion is the perfect solution for you. They are often the least expensive options, and take the least amount of time to build. With no roof alterations required, you will not need planning permission for this, and can extend your living space inside your home without having to build upwards or outwards.

Planning Permission: The Finances

If you have read the above and come to the conclusion that you will require planning permission before having the building work carried out, the time has now come to think through the finances involved.

Depending on where in the UK you are based, planning application costs can vary somewhat. In England, an application for an extension starts at £206, and can be acquired for as low as £190 in Wales.

We’re only too aware of how much it can cost to complete a loft conversion, and having to pay around £200 before any work begins goes to show that planning your finances is of huge importance. Our recent blog on how to finance an extension should help you make the financial decisions you need.

How Long Does Planning Permission Take?

It goes without saying that once you have committed to building work of this magnitude, you want to get started as quickly as possible. So how long does planning permission for a loft conversion actually take?

Your local council is expected to work as quickly as possible on your application, and you shouldn’t have to wait any longer than eight weeks. This time can be extended to up to three months for more complexed building plans, and up to four months if an Environmental Impact Assessment is to be completed.

Building Regulations: What You Need to Know

Planning permission is one thing, but no matter the size or design of your loft conversion, you will absolutely be required to meet building regulations.

Don’t panic, building regulation are there with your safety in mind. Any work carried out must be structurally sound, fire safe and well insulated. Sounds reasonable enough to us.

In terms of fire safety, smoke alarms will be required as well as fire-resistant doors. Any new walls will need to support the existing roof and floor joists will also be required to support the weight of the newly built room. With us discussing a loft conversion, new stairs will be required, and the sound insulation must be of the required standard.

Party Wall Agreements

If the work that you are carrying out involves a boundary adjoining the property of a neighbour, it will fall under the Party Wall Act.

To begin with, you’ll be required to give notice to your neighbour of your intention to carry out the work (that’s just being neighbourly, right?), as well as a detailed proposal.

Hopefully, they will give the work the green light and we move onto the building work. However, should they not grant permission, this is when you’ll need to bring in a specialist party wall surveyor.

Don’t worry, it isn’t as complicated as it sounds. We have recently written a blog detailing party wall surveyor costs, give it a read and put your mind at ease. Fear not, as long as the building work is reasonable, your neighbour can’t actually prevent you from proceeding.

Hopefully after reading our blog, you are now closer to knowing whether you will require planning permission for your loft conversion. Our advice is always to speak with the professional and be open from the offset. They want your business, so they aren’t going to try and trip you up along the way.

Plan ahead, get your finances in order, and reap the rewards once the work is completed.

Is my attic suitable for conversion?

The loft is a fantastic space in many Victorian cottages, especially those with low ceilings.
But can it be turned into a large living room?
Indeed, the attic can be transformed into an impressive living space, comfortable and stylish. The first step is to find out if the attic is suitable for conversion. The ceiling of your loft will determine whether it can be turned into a living space. Some lofts have low ceilings – those with wood beams can easily be turned into small rooms, while those with steel beams will require more effort. Here is a quick guide to help you determine if your loft is suitable for a makeover.

Is my attic suitable for conversion?

The loft is a fantastic space in many Victorian cottages, especially those with low ceilings.
But can it be turned into a large living room?
Indeed, the attic can be transformed into an impressive living space, comfortable and stylish. The first step is to find out if the attic is suitable for conversion. The ceiling of your loft will determine whether it can be turned into a living space. Some lofts have low ceilings – those with wood beams can easily be turned into small rooms, while those with steel beams will require more effort. Here is a quick guide to help you determine if your loft is suitable for a makeover.

How high should the attic be for the conversion?

If your attic has wood beams and beams it can easily be converted into living space, but if your attic has steel beams and beams it will take more effort to turn it into living space. Steel beams can have ceiling heights up to 7 or 8 meters depending on the height of your home. Timber beams are typically 5 m or more high and are therefore not suitable for residential conversion. If you’re planning to turn your attic into living space, check with your local council to see if you need a building permit or not. You can also hire an architect or builder to help you get it right.
How much does it cost to refurbish an attic?
Answer: It depends on how many bedrooms you need in your new living space.

Can you convert your attic without planning permission?

If you are planning to convert a residential area into a non-residential area, such as a garage, you do not need a building permit. However, if you want to convert a living room into a living space, such as a kitchen or bathroom, you will need planning permission.

What is the minimum ceiling height for a loft conversion?

It all depends on the building codes in your area. In England and Wales, a minimum ceiling height of 9 meters or 30 inches is required. This applies to both wooden and non-wooden buildings. So, even if you have an iron roof that can create a floor-to-ceiling obstruction, that doesn’t mean you can’t convert your attic if it meets the height requirement for a converted building. It is always a good idea to hire a structural engineer familiar with attic conversion to help with any doubts on this front, especially when it comes time to add insulation and heating cables to a renovated space.

How do I know if my loft can be converted?

You can use a simple method to see if your attic can be converted. If you are planning to transform your attic, you must first make sure you have the right tools and materials.

How do you know if the attic can be converted?

The usual test is to look into the attic. The first step is to find out the size of the room you want and the size of the loft that fits. The height of the room is key, so measure from one end of the room to the other. If it’s less than 1,200 square feet, the ceiling won’t fit. If it’s over 2,800 square feet, you can easily turn it into a bedroom with a full bath or study. Use this information as a starting point and spend some time and effort to determine if your attic can be converted into a bedroom or office.
How do you know if an attic can be converted?

Can you make a low pitch roof loft?

Low slope roofs are ideal for conversion because they do not have much slope and are almost horizontal. In most cases, low-slope roofs are shallow, with a pitch of 1/3 to 1/2 inch per foot. Slope roofs are more common in older buildings with pitched roofs. Low pitched roofs can also be found in new houses built after 1980 years. A low pitched roof usually has flat ceilings so there is no need for costly structural changes to make it suitable for retrofitting. A low pitched roof has no defined orientation; however, some homeowners have used this feature to improve views and increase natural light. A low pitched roof usually does not have other features such as dormer windows or mansard roofs. It is usually cheaper to remodel low pitch roofs because there are fewer structural changes required and these changes do not require expensive architectural drawings.

What are the requirements for an attic renovation?

• The ceiling height must be at least 2.5 meters. • The roof must be able to support the weight of the new dwelling. • The floor must be strong enough to support the weight of people.

Is it possible to convert a small attic?

The loft is a space used in many Victorian cottages, especially those with low ceilings. It is also used in modern homes. If your floor-to-ceiling walls are no more than 4 feet high, you can use the storage space for things that are out of sight but not out of reach. However, if your walls are taller than that, it will not be easy to turn it into a living room, as there will be problems with turning the loft into a comfortable setting for relaxing or entertaining friends.

Can the neighbors stop the transformation of the loft?

Yes, neighbors can forbid altering the attic. If you have an attic conversion and you have a neighbor complaining about noise and vibration, you can apply for a building permit. You can apply for a building permit, if you have an attic conversion and you have a neighbor complaining about noise and vibration, you can apply for a building permit.

Do I need a permit to rebuild an attic?

Yes, some wood-beamed lofts can be converted into small rooms. Wood can be a less expensive and quicker way to transform a room than steel, and modern attic conversions can accommodate a large number of people, allowing more room for entertainment. However, don’t try to turn your attic into a very large living space without talking to your planner first. The planning officer may also recommend that you install a wood burner in the converted room to burn incense and clear the area.
Should I repaint my attic?
For your comfort and personal satisfaction, you can repaint your attic. It is important to keep the existing wood frame of the loft in good condition.

Do I need a permit to redevelop the attic?

Planning permission is not required if you want to convert an existing bedroom into an office or bathroom. But if you want to add another room to the house or even build an extension, you will need planning permission. The exception is if your property is listed or located in a conservation area.
How much does it cost to turn an attic into a bedroom?
Answer: The cost of an attic conversion varies depending on how big your new room needs to be and how much work will need to be done to turn the attic into living space. For example, adding skylights or converting an attic into a bedroom with an ensuite bathroom will cost more than simply creating an extra bedroom with no added amenities. A basic attic conversion can cost as little as £10,000, while a major attic conversion can cost up to £25,000.

What is the lowest ceiling height?

A one-story, low-ceilinged house can be converted into an open-plan living room by converting the attic into a spacious, bright bedroom. However, if the house has two separate floors, it will be more difficult to convert the room into a room on the second floor.

What is the minimum ceiling height in the UK?

The minimum ceiling height in the UK is 40 cm. But some lofts are too small to accommodate this maximum height.
How much space do I need to convert an attic?
Answer: If you want to turn your attic into living space, don’t worry about using all the available space on each side, because most of that space is storage. This means that you will have more than enough space to turn the attic into a living space if you are not going to use it for storage or things in the summer. Thus, if one bedroom is occupied and the other rooms are not used, there will be no problems with storing things in this space.

How much does it cost to lower the ceiling to remodel a loft?

It is a fact that the cost of converting an attic is very high. However, this is not a problem if you have the necessary knowledge and skills. The cost of refurbishing an attic depends on many factors. The most important factor is the type of attic conversion you want to do. If you want to completely redo the attic, it will cost you a lot of money. If you just want to install a skylight, it will cost you less. The next factor is the size of the attic. The larger the loft, the more expensive it will be. The next factor is the type of loft. The type of attic you want to install will also affect the cost of converting an attic.

How do I know if I can refurbish my loft?

Minimum loft conversion height requires 5’3″ to 5’8″ – and even more if the original owner created an attic that only had 2 floors. The actual height you need depends on how many rooms are going to be converted into a loft, but it should be at least twice the height of the front door plus 1 foot. If you want to raise the ceiling, you will need to add a window on each floor. For an attic conversion with 2 stories or less, consider adding a high pitched roof (more than 6 feet).
Is it possible to redevelop the attic?
The answer is yes. There are many loft conversions available on sites like Loftsex.com, and before making a decision, take into account

What is the minimum height required for a loft conversion?

The height of the ceiling in the converted room must be at least 2.5 meters.

What is the height of the attic?

Attic conversion is not difficult, but it is labor intensive and expensive. This is why most people tend to only consider converting their attic when they can’t expand their home or when they have no other choice but to move out of their home. However, before embarking on any attic conversion project, you need to check if your home has a building permit or not. Most homes built after 2000 have a loft conversion permit, but if your home was built before that date, you may need to get a building permit from your local council. Also, check to see if your property is listed, as well as any local restrictions such as minimum ceiling height or access rules. You also need to make sure that the local authorities do not have any restrictions on permitted development rights in your area. If you don’t have any restrictions, you can continue with your transformation project without asking for scheduling permission. However, if your local council has restrictions, you will need to apply for a building permit before proceeding with your project.

Conclusion
In conclusion, a loft conversion is a fantastic way to add extra space to your home without spending a fortune. It’s also a great way to add value to your property, which means you can sell your home for a higher price than what you originally paid for it.
But before you decide whether to remodel your attic, it’s important to know exactly what you want from the process.
Do you plan to live in a reconstructed area?

Or are you hoping to rent it out?

Do you plan to use the space as storage?

Will you use it as a guest room?
These questions will help you determine if your attic conversion is right for you.
And if you’ve already planned your attic conversion, it’s important to keep these points in mind:
• Make sure you have adequate lighting. This is especially true if you plan to use the converted area as a bedroom.
• Consider wall insulation. This will prevent cold drafts from entering the room during the winter months.

Main mistakes in planning the redevelopment of an apartment

Redevelopment of an apartment is a complex and expensive task, the solution of which must be approached comprehensively. It’s no secret that Soviet designers (namely, the houses built in the Soviet era, the majority of the population lives) thought little about the efficient use of limited living space. For this reason, many of us today are content with typical layouts that do not take into account the realities of modern life.

A banal example is probably the most common redevelopment option, which consists in combining a toilet and a bathroom. If both rooms do not have a large area, you can significantly increase the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe bathroom by combining rooms. There are reverse situations when a large bathroom is divided into a bathroom and a toilet. Surprisingly, even such an insignificant, at first glance, redevelopment requires a serious approach. Even here fatal mistakes and illiterate actions of builders are possible. Therefore, it is so important to consider typical options for redevelopment of apartments, mentioning the same typical mistakes, using the example of one-, two- and three-room apartments.

Redevelopment of a one-room apartment

One-room apartments are traditionally compact, therefore, more often than others, they undergo redevelopment in order to somehow increase the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing. Most projects involve changing the location of the doorway leading to the kitchen. As a rule, an increase in the area occurs due to the corridor, which, in typical layouts, leads to the kitchen. A typical mistake when redeveloping a one-room apartment is an illiterate arrangement of the opening. It may be either too narrow, or its location is not good enough. Often there are violations of building codes, and inconsistencies with safety standards are identified. Therefore, when demolishing partitions, it will not be superfluous to coordinate your actions with the relevant state authorities.

Another common mistake that some apartment owners make in the hope of increasing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen is the dismantling of the ventilation duct. Some do not know that the ventilation duct belongs to the common property, which means that you do not have the right to do anything with it. In addition, by demolishing the ventilation duct, which is responsible for a number of engineering tasks, you violate the rights of other residents. Therefore, an increase in the room due to the dismantling of the ventilation duct is excluded.

Redevelopment of a two- or three-room apartment

Redevelopment of a two-room or three-room apartment can involve a variety of transformations of living space – it all depends on the original location of the rooms and the size of the apartment. Here, the same typical mistakes may occur as in the redevelopment of a one-room apartment. But more often mistakes are made related to the transfer of doorways or the combination of several rooms into one. You need to make sure in advance that you will not have to demolish the load-bearing walls, since this is unacceptable either according to technical or ethical standards. Therefore, redevelopment of a 2- or 3-room apartment should be carried out taking into account the plan of the apartment and the specifics of a particular object.

Often mistakes in the redevelopment of three-room apartments are associated with illiterate zoning of the premises. For example, the location of the bedroom in close proximity to the kitchen or bathroom is not considered the best solution. Rooms such as a hall or living room should be adjacent to the kitchen. Rest rooms are best removed from the cooking area as much as possible.

The most common errors

Among the typical mistakes that occur during redevelopment:

· Designing a room of complex shape. An inexperienced planner can, as they say, be smart and turn an ordinary rectangular room into an uncomfortable polygonal something. The simpler the shape of the room, the more efficiently the limited space is used. In addition, it is very difficult to install and select furniture for a non-standard room, so avoid pretentious redevelopment.

· Illiterate zoning. Before embarking on redevelopment, it will not be superfluous to think about where specific functional areas in the apartment will be located and how they will interact with each other. You will be surprised, but illiterate zoning can literally make an apartment uninhabitable. A clear division into a recreation area, a work area, technical rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom is very important.

Poor choice of building materials. If you plan to install a partition, then consider what materials will be used. The optimal solution in terms of saving space is drywall, although it is not ideal. Brickwork will make the wall more durable, but it will take away some of your living space.

Poor layout of outlets. Before you make redevelopment, think about where you need sockets and switches.

It is also important to note that such a popular redevelopment as combining a bathroom and a toilet will be an erroneous decision if 3 or more people live in the apartment. As for the combination of the loggia with the living room, here it is necessary to strictly observe building codes and not demolish the supporting structures. If we are talking about combining a kitchen with a living room or another room, then only non-load-bearing walls can be removed.

We also do not forget about the specifics of the installation of new walls. For example, large rooms are often divided into two small ones. In this case, you need to think in advance about the lighting of the rooms. The ideal option for such a redevelopment is possible only if there are two or more windows in the original room.

So, what is the cost of redevelopment of an apartment? It is difficult to answer this question, since everything depends on the specific project. In any case, apartments after redevelopment usually need additional repairs, and this should be taken into account when organizing the process. You also need to obtain permission to redevelop the apartment in the appropriate authority. Regardless of whether the redevelopment of a two-room apartment or a two-story house is being started, it is imperative to check the project for compliance with building codes. If at least one of these norms is violated, then the project should be reviewed.

You should also not forget that there are objects on which redevelopment is impossible or impractical. In such a situation, you should not take irrational steps and try to reinvent the wheel, because in your efforts to create a pretentious interior, you can make the apartment completely unlivable.

How to build a mansard roof

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If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way it is possible to turn a one-story house into a two-level one. It is also attractive that a do-it-yourself mansard roof can be built even without special building skills. It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows on a regular floor are located in the walls. There are no or almost no walls in the attics. Roofing replaces them. That is why windows are made special: they not only have to let in enough light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much more on the roof than on the walls.

Roof windows

Contents of the article

When planning an attic, you should take into account the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend making the window area at least 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Installation of roof windows in the roof

Of all the methods shown in the photo of the installation of skylights with a roof, the inclined installation is the easiest to implement. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, as well as to use special models with a reinforced frame and reinforced glass – the load on the surface can be significant.

Benefits of an inclined roof window:

• more light, less sharp borders of light and shadow;
• the roof surface remains even, its relief is not complicated;
• relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, remember that its area increases with the angle of inclination. At what height is it more convenient to install such a window and how its height in centimeters increases depending on the slope, see the photo.

The steeper the slope relative to the floor, the lower the height of the window should be.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it, calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to put two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

Two windows side by side look just as good as one wide one

When installing a dormer window, the geometry of the roof becomes more complicated: a valley appears on the top and sides. Because of this, the truss system becomes more complex in both planning and assembly. The complexity of laying roofing also increases. All valleys are the places where leaks are most likely to occur. That is why it is necessary to do everything very carefully. In regions with a lot of snow, it is advisable to install snow retainers above such windows: so that they are not blown away during a sharp descent.

Installation of a vertical dormer window in the mansard roof

The advantage of such a window: you can stand upright near it. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more difficult and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if an exit to a balcony is made through it. In other cases, this method of arrangement is not the best option: there is little light, the shadows are very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complicated, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window at the end of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Quite simply high-quality glasses are enough. It is this option that can most often be seen in country attics: this is the most inexpensive option, which is easily implemented with your own hands.

Read about gable roof construction here.

Rafter system

In the self-construction of private houses with a mansard, usually a sloping roof is chosen. It allows you to get a room of a significant area, larger than under a gable.

With an equal width of the base (house), the attic space under a sloping roof is larger than under a conventional gable. The rafter system becomes more complex, but the gable roof with a mansard under a sloping roof is still more popular. But the long overhang of the roof is not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning, you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase the windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main of which is weather conditions.

Angle of inclination

Depends on the roofing material, but most of all – on the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60 °, the upper ones by 30 °. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, all lengths can be calculated. Just keep in mind that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

Tilt angles in classic version

In the classic version, the rain load on the side surfaces can be ignored. Precipitation can only be held on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45 °.

In general, the slope of the side surfaces usually ranges between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds, it is better to make flatter roofs. Then the wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of broken roof truss systems

Broken mansard roof construction – one of the rafter system options (the most common)

For the manufacture of a sloping roof frame with their own hands, pine lumber is most often used, grade – not lower than 2. Choice of beam section and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing (its weight), the wind and snow load in the region, the installation step of the rafters. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The technique is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89and TKP 45-5.05-146-2009.

One of the options for building a frame with hanging rafters

Above in the figure is a drawing of a frame with hanging rafters. It can only be implemented if the base of the upper triangle is no more than 4.5 meters (in this case, this is the width of the attic room). If more, you will have to make layered rafters, which should rest on the load-bearing wall in the middle (the attic will turn out to be divided into two parts by a row of beams).

Another version of the upper part is shown in the photo below (the picture is clickable). In this case, the side rafters are reinforced with struts. They significantly increase the rigidity of the system.

There is a second way to achieve a similar effect – to install contractions – in the figure they are only outlined by barely visible lines. The length of the side rafter leg is divided into three, contractions are set in these places. They will be needed if the roofing will have a solid weight.

Variant of the sloping roof truss system – with braces that increase the rigidity of the system

For a small-sized building, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafter legs, a puff, floor beams, posts and side rafters (pictured below).

Arrangement of a sloping mansard roof truss system for a small house

How to calculate a sloping roof

A sloping mansard roof of a small house (no more than 6-7 meters wide) has been built so many times that, based on experience, you can tell what materials are worth use. Many parameters are dependent on other materials. For example, the installation step of the rafters is tied to the parameters of the insulation. To ensure that there is as little waste as possible during insulation, installation is easier, it is necessary that the distance from one rack to another is slightly less than the width of the insulation (by 20-30 mm). So, if you are going to use mineral wool, its width is 60 cm. Then the racks must be installed so that the clearance between two adjacent ones is 57-58 cm and no more.

The width of the board for the rafter leg is again determined based on the insulation. For the central zone of Russia, the required thickness of basalt wool is 200-250 mm. That’s not all. In order for the thermal insulation to dry out, a ventilation gap of 20-30 mm is required (without it, the condensate will gradually rot the wood and render the mineral wool unusable). In total, it turns out that at a minimum the width of the rafter leg should be 230 mm. The thickness of the board is at least 50 mm. This is in regions with mild winds and not very heavy snowfalls. Summing up, for all rafters – ridge and side – a board of 230 * 50 mm is required.

If lumber with such characteristics turns out to be too expensive, it will be possible to make insulation in two directions: part along the rafters, part, stuffing the crate, across. You can lay a minimum of 100 mm of basalt wool, therefore, you can take a standard board 50 * 150 mm and leave it on the ventilation gap of 50 mm, or order a non-standard 130 * 50 mm. See what is more profitable in terms of money.

For posts and beams, it is better to take a beam of at least 80*80 mm, better – 100*100 mm. Especially in areas with difficult weather conditions – with heavy snowfalls or strong winds.

Features of mansard roof insulation are described here.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof: installation procedure

The Mauerlat device on mansard roofs is no different from the standard version. If the house is made of timber or logs, you can use the top crown as a Mauerlat. It is only pre-treated with impregnation with high protective properties.

If the wall is made of foam blocks, a reinforced monolithic belt is arranged on top of it. On a brick wall or made of shell rock, other similar materials, the device of such a belt is optional. Waterproofing is laid on the wall in two layers, and on top – a timber treated with an antiseptic – 150 * 150 mm or a log. It is fixed with embedded studs.

How to fasten the power plate and rafters to it

When assembling all elements, use long nails – at least 150 mm long. In the most critical places, it is better to connect three or more elements with bolts or studs with double-sided threads. It is desirable to strengthen all joints with steel plates or corners.

You can read about building a house from aerated concrete in this article.

First method

Mansard roof rafters are installed in two ways. First: parts are assembled on the ground, then they are lifted up in finished form. There, the first to expose the extreme structures that will become the gables. They are placed vertically, fixed. It is often more convenient to fix them with long bars nailed to the wall (temporary). The following assembled structures are inserted into the prepared recesses in the Mauerlat (they are made with the required step). They are placed strictly vertically, carefully fixed. If necessary, install additional temporary spacers that fix them in the desired position. Side beams are installed.

How to build a sloping roof in this way, collect nodes, see the video below.

The second method

The second method – the construction of a broken roof is carried out sequentially by assembling the elements right on the spot. This method is more convenient if the structure is large and when assembled it can only be lifted using special equipment (crane).

First lay the floor beams. Racks and puffs are attached to them, temporary struts are placed to hold them in the vertical direction. Next, the rafters of the upper and side legs are assembled, puffs and jibs are installed.

During installation, the following sequence of actions is observed: first, the end elements are installed and set in the desired position, securely fastened. If necessary, use temporary spacers. Between them, a fishing line, rope, lace is stretched, which will serve as a guide for the installation of all subsequent elements. This simple move allows you to get the perfect geometry (do not forget to check the slope angle, verticality or horizontality).

Puffs are attached over the uprights – bars, to which the side rafters are then fixed and on which the puff of the upper triangle is installed. Puffs are attached with metal corners. Since the beams are long, they sag. This is further eliminated – after the installation of the upper rafter legs – using vertical beams of a fixed or adjustable height. And temporarily they can be propped up with racks (so as not to pull the entire system).

One of the stages of building a mansard roof with your own hands

To make it easier to maintain the desired angle when installing the side rafter legs, templates are made, according to which cuts are made. But since the geometry of DIY buildings is rarely perfect, adjustments may be needed. To check the resulting angle of inclination from several boards, another template is knocked down, which checks the correct installation.

If the standard length of lumber – 6 meters – is not enough, either order the required length (expensive) or increase. When building up, two boards with a size of at least 0.6 meters (30 cm on each side of the junction) are nailed to the junction. They are nailed on both sides or bolts are used.

A reliable way to build up rafters. Length of the “patch” – at least 60 cm

After installing the side rafters, it remains to install the top ones. A template is also made for them, it is first sawn on the ground, and installed at the top.

Nearly finished frame

Top part can be made in different ways. Its structure depends on the width of the base. See the photo below for how to make it.

How to make an upper triangle on a sloping roof

Since the mansard sloping roof device does not provide for the presence of a ridge, a beam is stuffed in the middle, to which the slopes are attached, fixing the triangle in the required position.

The upper part is fixed with slats nailed to the beam laid in the middle

In this case, we can assume that the mansard roof is assembled by hand. It remains to mount the roofing material and do the insulation (you can do it in that order, you can do it at the same time). Features of mansard roof insulation are described here.

Units and their drawings

When installing the truss system, questions may arise regarding the assembly of units – intersections and connections of several structural elements. In the photo you see drawings of key connections.

How to connect the elements of the sloping roof truss system

The second option for connecting the side rafters and the upper triangle. Bolts are used for more secure fastening.

How to fix the upper square and rafter leg on the mansard roof with your own hands

How to attach the rafter legs to the mauerlat or, as in this case, to the side beam, is shown in the figure below. To make it easier to mount a heavy element, a stop board (bar) is nailed to the rafter from below, which limits its movement: the board rests against the edge and prevents it from falling lower.

Several options for attaching rafters to the mauerlat

What is a mansard roof, advantages and disadvantages of covering

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When it comes to architectural design, it’s not just design; this is art. For this reason, the buildings are not similar to each other, although their only purpose is to create a living space. The roof of a building is important both aesthetically and structurally. The roof is the most vulnerable part of a building and protects against environmental hazards such as ice, snow, rain, hail, fire, and heat.

There are different styles of roofing, such as attic, different styles of roofing have become extremely popular. Although the mansard roof style appeared in the 16th century, it was widely popularized in the early 17th century and returned many times even after that period. The mansard roof is also called a curb or French roof.

Articles on the topic

Find out about the 20 most popular types of roofs for your future home

The attic roof 101

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9000) the architect François Mansart (1598–1666), who used this characteristic style in many of his works. During the Baroque period (1600-1750) he used this roofing technique extensively to create castles and majestic townhouses that attracted people’s attention. The term attic refers to a roof that has two pitches on all four sides, with the lower pitch steeper than the upper and named after it. You can also use the term to refer to the space or attic under such a roof structure, not just the shape of the roof.

However, Francois Mansart was not the creator of this unique style. This accreditation belongs to Pierre Lescaut (1510–1578), who used this style of roof in 1550 as part of the Louvre, the largest art museum in the world in Paris, France. After its initial popularity, the mansard roof was revived during the rebuilding of Paris and became an extremely fashionable architectural feature for most buildings during the Second Empire (1852-1870), the reign of Napoleon III.

The use of the mansard roof in architectural projects has become so popular that it is not limited to France. It was used in England and Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Gradually, the mansard roof style was adopted for building construction in many other Western countries, including Canada and the United States of America, as it was relatively easy to repair hail damage to the roof due to its design.

This design was used to give buildings a flatter appearance to match the appearance of the building, and Renaissance architects used ancient classical examples from Rome and Greece, intending to promote flat-fronted buildings. Although not originally used in traditional homes, it was also used in private homes at the end of 1960s and 1970s. The mansard roof was also used in small commercial buildings.

via wikipedia.com

What is a mansard roof?

From a technical point of view, a mansard roof can be called a four-sided gable roof of a hip type. The gable roof has two sides with two slopes, and the lower slope is much steeper than the upper one. The hip roof is characterized by straight, gentle slopes descending from all four sides to the walls. This design is more like a tent. So, if you combine these two styles and get a four-sided roof with two slopes, with the top slope being more gentle than the bottom, you get a mansard roof.

The upper slope of mansard roofs is more gentle, rarely visible from the ground and provides maximum space under the roof. Dormers open onto the lower slopes of a mansard roof, typically similar to gable roof architecture, which creates a living area often referred to as an attic. Mansard roofs can be convex, concave, or rectangular.

This design gives a traditional look and is most commonly used in sheds. In Germany and France, both mansard and gable roofs are called mansards.

Steep and gable roofs are the two main styles of mansard roofs. The water and snow removal system is the key difference between the two styles. The longer and steeper the slopes, the better the drainage system will be. On the other hand, the gable style forms a reasonable drainage system compared to the previous one.

Slate shingles and wood shingles are the stereotypical materials used to make a mansard roof, and people who love the traditional way prefer to use these materials, while other types of shingles and shingles can also be used to increase strength and reduce maintenance costs . So, you can use zinc or copper shingles for the steeper part of the roof. If you are using bituminous shingles, you will need to use them in the normal way.

This mansard roof design is not only used in some famous historic buildings, commercial buildings or private homes, but is also used in locomotive structures as it provides additional usable space in a typical train carriage. The Australian Commonwealth Railways CL class and two Victorian Railway hoppers had mansard roofs.

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What is a mansard roof

Mansard roofs are also known as French roof structures. This style of roof or curb roof features a four-sided hipped roof with two distinct pitches.

A steeper angle can be found on one side, and the window creates an extra floor in the house called the attic.

Some of the first examples of this style of roof are by French designer Pierre Lescaut. This type of roof was used in parts of the Louvre built around 1550. The roof became more popular later in the 17th century.

WHAT MANSARD ROOFS MEAN

The name “mansard” actually means the attic or space within the roof structure, not just the shape of the roof.

Due to its construction, very close to the nature of this attic, the mansard roof is a green roof construction highly respected both for its efficiency and for its use in space management.

Although not a style commonly found in many contemporary homes, it is often framed in French-style building details.

There are also many people today who choose designs that imitate this image from the past.

This style is gaining popularity in modern design today, especially in extensions. Installing this type of roof can be a great idea for efficiency as well as future renovations.

Mansard roof structures are still ancient, but these roofs and their structural details are perfect for getting more out of your home.

MANSARD ROOF TYPES

The two main types of mansard roofs can include a gable roof and a steep-sided style roof. The top slope of the roof is rarely seen from the ground.

Mansard roofs often have an original slope that can only be seen from the neighboring building.

The main difference between these two roof styles can be seen in the water and snow drainage available for each type.

A longer, sharper sloping roof will provide better drainage, while a traditional gable roof may provide acceptable drainage from the low-pitched portion of the roof.

Steep slope routes often have a peak at the top of the roof to allow for even drainage from all sides, while a sloped roof is often used as a conduit or path for water and snow to run off the roof.

MAIN BENEFITS OF THIS ROOF STYLE

The biggest benefit of a mansard roof in your home is the ability to add more space.

Retrofitting is a great way to add one or more floors to an existing building without the need for extensive masonry and supports. This can result in a curved room shape, but will ultimately lead to better heat distribution and efficiency.

Conversions can of course vary in price and you will need to research the different requirements that are allowed for your region.

In some places there are different taxes that are levied on the use of this type of roof due to the increase in square meters of any building.

In some places, mansard roof conversions can be no more than 20 m, even in commercial properties. This is simply to limit the potential structural damage to a roof like this.

This law is subject to change, so it’s important to find out if your local laws apply to mansard roofing as well as the size you want to put on your home.

SAVINGS

Significant savings can also be obtained from the special design of these roofs. With proper sealing as well as roof shape, retrofitting can help you save money on heating costs.

Thanks to the thermal insulation during the conversion of the mansard roof, you can regularly reduce the heating and gain additional usable space by adding a house.

During the framing process, you can integrate installation details into the roof style for quality heat savings.

Metal shingles and metal gutters provide a long-lasting roof. Traditionally, most of the framing, shingles and other roof elements have been made from metal components to ensure maximum sealing and durability.

Converting a roof to this type of roof may cost a little more, but it can actually result in permanent cost savings through reduced maintenance and improvements.

MODERN DESIGN

While many older style mansard roof designs used both heavy and unstable materials, the conversions you can make today can include much more modern details.

By using special materials and quality insulation, you can often create a mansard roof that will last longer than other roof types.

This type of roof is a property asset. Instead of worrying about components falling and rusting, you can simply enjoy modern design elements that are great for the future of your home or business.

Today’s builders are taking some of the designs we saw in turn-of-the-century buildings and incorporating them into new homes.

Instead of relying on refurbishments, many builders now create houses and floor plans that include usable space with mansard roofs.

For medium sized homes, these modern designs also help make new builds much more affordable for homeowners.

FAMOUS BUILDINGS WITH THIS ROOF STYLE

Germania Insurance Building

One of the most famous American buildings with a mansard roof is the Germania Insurance building in New York.

Today in New York this type of roofing is mostly done only by retrofitting, but when this building was built, special laws were passed that actually made mansard roofs more attractive and cheaper to build.

This building was built in 1911, has a four-story mansard roof. This roof style is quite exceptional and perhaps one of the best examples of what you can get from a modern mansard roof makeover.

The most popular place to see this roof in its original form is all over Paris. Looking down the Boulevard Haussmann, you can find mansard roofs of some of the forms of the Second French Empire.

These buildings were built in the 1850s and the mansard roof style was a constant presence in the architecture of the time.

All the roofs in this area match up, and by walking up to one of the neighboring buildings, you can look very closely at how much space they can add to the house.

We also often see mansard roofs in locomotive construction because they increase the usable space available in the middle car of a train.

MANSARD LOFT CONVERSIONS

Loft conversions often require significant building work, but the extra work is well worth it. A mansard roof upgrade can sometimes be called an attic remodel because it increases usable space in your home.

In order to embark on one of these conversions, it is important to find the right contractor and then examine the planning permissions required for your particular building and the height at which you would like your new attic.

It is important to get some price estimates as this is a major building project.

Mansard roofs are suitable for both urban and rural areas. They are often requested in urban areas because they allow for upward expansion when there is no longer room to expand the house outside.

They are well suited to many types of properties and can create more usable space in almost any setting.

If you’ve been thinking about refurbishing or expanding before, a mansard roof can give you the extra space you need for storage, living space, adding an extra bedroom and more.

With a variety of refurbishment plans offered by different contractors in your area, you can transform your home and also increase its value even if you live in a densely populated area.

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Mansard roof | architecture | Britannica

Mansard roof , a type of roof with two pitches on each side, the lower slope being much steeper than the upper one. In cross section, a straight-walled attic may look like a gable roof, but differs from a gig in that it has the same profile on all sides. Although the style was in use as early as the mid 16th century in England and Italy and used by Pierre Lescaut in the Louvre, it was named after the 17th century architect François Mansart who used it in Paris hôtel s (city of houses) and the castles of Balleroy, Blois and Maisons.

• mansard roof Drawing showing the profile of the mansard roof. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
• Mansart, François: Maisons Castle Maisons Castle, Maisons-Laffitte, France; designed by François Mansart. Zantastik

The attic may have been first used because its predominantly horizontal profile was more in line with the classical order than the steeply sloping roofs. The attic, pierced by dormer windows, is a spacious and economical attic floor.In the middle of 19century it was especially popular, especially in France and in the United States.

Balleroy Castle, designed by François Mansart, built in 1631 near Bayeux, France. © Wayne Andrews / Esto .

The Complete Guide to Roofs | Building Construction

When it comes to roofing, there are variations that can make it difficult to choose the right option for your project. Follow this guide to get everything you need to know to make the right roof choice for your home, whether you’re building from scratch, expanding, or renovating.

This complete guide covers structure, design and cost, and provides advice for those who want to make or renovate an existing roof with their own hands.

Design Choices

When it comes to roofing, you have a variety of designs to choose from, including traditional, flat, green, and curved. Follow this tip to understand the pros and cons of each structure to help you make the right decision.

When weighing options, ask yourself the following questions:

• How much do you want to spend?
• How complex is your design?
• Do you want to be able to use / convert roof space at some point?

The flat roof of this one-story home by Strom Architects emphasizes simple, minimalist lines. (Image credit: Martin Gardner c/o Strom Architects)

Proper design

The roof is one of the key exterior features of your home, and if you get it wrong, the entire project will suffer. Here 9 comes to the rescue0103 pitch and this will depend on the style of the home you are building or renovating. Too cool, and the house will not only look weird, but you will have to pay more materials for this privilege.

Similarly, the lower the slope, the greater the volume of water collected and released on the slope, so you need to make sure that the coating you choose can withstand the expected volume of water. When it comes to flat structures that are not really flat, you need to think of a very shallow slope so that water can run off rather than accumulate on the roof.

The pitch is also vital if you plan to transform the area created by the roof – the slope is too low and you can’t use the space efficiently.

A balance between looks and practicality is important here.

You have other design options when it comes to roof type:

• Shed: Has only one slope. Great for maximizing space on one side, possibly to improve visibility.
• Duopitch: Pitched roof consisting of two sloping planes that intersect at the top ridge with a gable at both ends
• Hip: Pitched structure with slopes on all four sides that converge at the corners to form hips; may or may not have a crest.
• Mansard: Variant with a hipped or pointed slope, in which each plane has a double slope. Popular real estate in France and the USA.

The flat roof of this renovated Bauhaus house has been transformed into a large roof terrace, perfect for entertaining. (Image credit: Simon Maxwell)

Planning Permit

If you want to build, for example, a new house with a steep roof that is taller than neighboring buildings, you are likely to face objections from local authorities. Department. Seek advice from your local authorities before applying to get an assessment of your plans from a local planning officer to get the best chance of a successful application.

For existing dwellings, you can make many changes and improvements in accordance with your Permitted Building Rights. Adding skylights, changing roofing, and adding skylights are improvements that do not normally require a planning permit and as long as certain restrictions are met. and conditions, you can usually convert an attic within the allowed development.

Always check with your local planning office to see if the proposed job is eligible for your authorized developmental benefit.

Cost

The level of design complexity when it comes to the roof will undoubtedly affect the cost. The simpler the shape, the cheaper the price. If you want to keep costs down, choose a roofing system that can be assembled quickly to reduce on-site worker time.

In some cases it may be more economical to choose a roof structure that is more expensive initially if it allows you to easily (and relatively cheaply) convert the space into something usable in the future.

When it comes to roofing, again, everything will depend on the material you choose. Follow this guide for a breakdown of costs.

How to Build a Roof

Although relatively few do-it-yourself builders will practice when it comes to this part of a project, it is important to understand how a roof is made, especially if you are managing a project and using your own deals.