Pex vs copper: PEX vs. Copper: Which Pipes are Right for My Home?

PEX vs. Copper: Which Pipes are Right for My Home?

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Once the top choice for all water supply pipes, copper has been nudged a bit to the side by flexible pipes made from cross-linked polyethylene, “PEX” for short. While copper still plays an important role in water pipes for new construction, PEX pipe is quickly becoming the choice for remodeling and retrofitting. Both copper and PEX come with a few advantages and disadvantages, so if you’re looking to replace your home’s current water supply system, keep reading. This cheat sheet on PEX vs. copper outlines the main differences between the two materials so that you can make an educated decision for your plumbing project.

RELATED: 10 Plumbing Tips Everyone Needs to Know

Copper lasts longer than PVC pipes.

It’s tough to beat copper pipes for longevity, which on average last 50 to 70 years, compared to PEX, which has an expected lifespan of 30 to 50 years. PEX’s life expectancy can be shortened by the use of extremely hot household water (180 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) or if the water in the home contains high levels of chlorine.

Copper’s life can be shortened by highly acidic water. When installed under typical conditions (i.e., your home is connected to a municipal water system), copper can be expected to outlast PEX by about 20 years. If you’re on a private well, have your water tested prior to retrofitting your water supply system. Local County Extension Offices can test well water to determine whether it’s high in acid or chlorine.

Copper is also costlier.

In recent years, the cost of copper has risen substantially due to its increased recycle value, so products made from copper have increased as well. On average, installing copper water pipes will be 58 percent to 68 percent more expensive than PEX. For example, you could expect to pay $8,000 to $10,000 to have a plumber replace the old pipes with new copper pipes in an average, two-bath, 1,500-square-foot home versus $4,000 to $6,000 for PEX.

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PEX requires fewer connections.

Since copper is rigid, it must be cut to size and have elbow fittings installed every time it comes to a corner, such as where it turns from a vertical run between studs to a horizontal run to meet a sink. More connections mean more installation labor. PEX, on the other hand, runs continuously all the way from a water-distribution panel (called a manifold) to each fixture (tub, sink, etc.). PEX bends easily around corners so no additional connections are necessary.

In a remodeling project, flexibility is a big plus, because the PEX pipe can be snaked through finished walls without the need to cut out drywall. To have new copper pipes installed in a finished home, the drywall must be removed to give the plumber access to make connections.

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PEX offers a central shutoff.

Most water fixtures, such as tubs, sinks, and showers, have individual shut-off valves located somewhere nearby. In the case of a sink, it’s usually in the vanity cabinet below, but shut-off valves for tubs and showers are often located behind access panels held in place with screws, making it a chore to access them.

With PEX, every pipe connects to the water-distribution manifold (usually located near where the water main enters the house), and each individual pipe has its own shutoff valve directly on the manifold. The manifold features labels for each shutoff valve, such as “Bathtub” or “Laundry Room Sink,” so turning the water supply off and on for any fixture is simple.

Copper is more likely to freeze and break.

One of the biggest disadvantages of copper pipes is their tendency to crack if the water inside freezes and expands. Having a degree of flexibility, PEX is able to expand if the water inside it freezes, making PEX more resistant to freeze-breakage.

That said, in new house construction, there’s little risk from copper pipes freezing and breaking, because today’s plumbing practices are designed to keep the pipes insulated and safe.

The problem is more common in older homes that lack adequate insulation. If you live in a cold region and your home is under-insulated—or if you’ve had trouble with water pipes freezing in the past—it might be a good idea to go with PEX when having the pipes replaced.

RELATED: Prevent Freezing and Bursting Pipes—Here’s How

PEX is more DIY-friendly.

For DIYers, PEX is the easier type of pipe to install. Making the connections necessary in copper pipes requires the use of a torch to solder and seal the fittings.

PEX pipes connect with a number of easy-to-use fittings, including quick-connect fittings that connect just by pushing them together, crimp fittings (requiring a special crimp tool), or clamp fittings (calling for a clamp tool).

Manufacturers of each type of fitting usually feature detailed installation videos on their websites, and since PEX is flexible, you’ll only need to make two connections for each fixture—one at the manifold, and the other at the fixture itself.

Note: Permission to install new plumbing in your own home depends on the building codes in your community, so contact your local building authority before you start.

Some jobs are better left to the pros

Get free, no-commitment estimates from licensed plumbers near you.

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Pex Pipe vs Copper Pipe

Copper pipes and PEX pipes are two of the most common pipe materials for your water supply lines.

Both have been used for decades and different homeowners will attest to their individual strengths and weaknesses. For this reason, it can be difficult to assess which one is the best option for your home or property.

In this article, we’ll explore the options for your plumbing system and the advantages and disadvantages of both.

But first, here’s a quick overview of the pros and cons when it comes to PEX vs copper:

PEX Pipes
Pros	Cons
PEX tubing minimizes the need for connectors since it’s so flexible. Connection sites have the highest potential of leaks in your plumbing system, so fewer PEX fittings leads to less risks of leaks.	Cannot be used outside/will break under UV rays. Ultraviolet rays are capable of breaking down the molecular structure that holds PEX pipes together. Exposing PEX pipes to UV rays, such as sunlight, causes the pipe to become brittle and eventually rupture.
Cheaper and easier to install or repair. The price of PEX pipes itself are cheaper than copper pipes. If you hire a professional, the labor cost will also be lower given how quick and easy it is to install PEX pipes.	Rodents can eat through them. Since PEX pipes aren’t as hard as metal, it’s possible for rodents to chew through your PEX pipes. Rodents are more likely to attack the pipes after hearing the sound of rushing water.
DIY-friendly. PEX pipes are highly flexible and can bend easily to fit in your corners. Combined with readily available connectors, PEX piping is easier to install on your own than copper piping.	More susceptible to contamination. Water contamination caused by PEX tubing can come from both the material of the tube itself and any chemical materials in the surrounding area.
	Warranty issues. Warranty usually covers defective pipes that cause premature deterioration and leakage. However, claiming your warranty may be hard to do as most warranties don’t cover aggressive water conditions, the cause of most failure in PEX pipes.

Copper Pipes
Pros	Cons
On average, they have a longer lifespan. Copper pipes can last for over 50 years in their ideal environment. Although, we have seen copper failures in as little as 5 years.	More expensive. The cost of mining and processing the copper causes the price of copper pipes to be significantly higher than PEX pipes. Factor in additional costs to pay for experts with proficiency in soldering copper pipes and considering the complexity of the project, the labor cost will be higher.
Lightweight and highly flexible. While still not as flexible as PEX pipes, copper pipes are still lighter and more flexible than most.	May add a metallic flavor to water. The metal content in the copper pipes may produce an unpleasant metallic taste in your drinking water. This happens especially if the pipes are old.
Environmentally friendly. Copper pipes are 100% recyclable. You can even sell your scrap copper pipes since it can be remade into other copper-based equipment.	Very susceptible to corrosion due to water chemistry. While copper is naturally stable, contact with contaminated water and chloramines in the water will make your copper pipe corrode quickly. In addition, interaction with any type of mineral or electric components can cause electrolysis, leading to pinhole leaks and corrosion.

PEX Pipes vs. Copper Pipes

Now that you know all about the advantages and disadvantages of using copper and PEX pipes, let’s dive deeper into some of the most frequent deciding factors when picking between PEX and copper pipes.

Let’s Review

PEX Pipes

Cross-linked polyethylene tubing (commonly known as PEX), made its debut in the US in the 1980s for radiant heating applications. After its introduction to the plumbing system, PEX pipes quickly became a popular choice for homeowners and professional plumbers.

The main advantages of PEX pipes, when compared to the older copper pipes, are its flexibility and much cheaper price. PEX pipes are also color-coded, with blue signaling cold water, red for hot water, etc. Although, the colors only help users organize PEX plumbing systems and don’t affect the specification or function of the tubes themselves.

Copper Pipes

Copper pipes, on the other hand, started to gain traction over other alternatives in the 1970s. After replacing other metal pipes that leach dangerous chemicals (such as lead), copper pipes quickly became the go-to pipe material for water supply channels. Compared to PEX plumbing, copper plumbing is much sturdier and typically has a longer lifespan.

Average Lifespan

In its ideal environment, PEX tubing can last for up to 50 years. PEX tends to degrade much quicker compared to copper pipes. However, copper pipes are also known to see failures or pinhole leaks as early as 5 years.

Average Cost

The price of copper pipes is known to be 3x more expensive than PEX pipes. According to HomeAdvisor, repiping a house with PEX pipes will cost approximately $7,500 for the average-sized home.

Copper systems, conversely, cost around $3 to $5 per foot; a repair or repipe job with copper pipes can cost you anywhere from $5,000 to $20,000.

However, copper pipes are known to be 100% recyclable and you can sell your scrap pipes.

Sustainability

As we’ve mentioned, copper pipes are recyclable, while PEX pipes can only be repurposed.

Similar to other plastic pipes, burning PEX pipes release toxic fumes. They need to be pulverized into sand-like substances so they can be reused for fittings. However, the process of mining and manufacturing copper pipes is high impact compared to manufacturing PEX pipes.

On the other hand, PEX pipes can maintain the temperature of water flowing through the pipes and make your plumbing system more efficient when carrying water from your water heater. Copper pipes waste more energy since copper is a conductive material that is easily affected by ambient temperature.

Installation

PEX pipes are popular among DIYers and professionals since it’s fairly simple to install. The flexible tubing eliminates the need for most connectors or a master plumber. Even when you need to modify the tube, you don’t need to bring out heavy-duty tools to cut through the pipe. There are also crimp rings available to connect PEX pipes into brass fittings, so it’s easy to use for plumbing projects.

Copper pipes, on the other hand, require soldering to join pipes and fittings in order to access all of the plumbing fixture locations. Fittings for copper pipes are also available, but bad or improper installation can result in leaks which will speed up the degradation of your copper pipes.

Why ePIPE Solutions Are the Best For Your Property

PEX pipes and copper pipes are both viable options for your water supply line. While PEX pipes are easier to install, cheaper, and more flexible, copper pipes are sturdier and tend to have a longer lifespan.

PEX pipes are best used indoors since they degrade quickly under intense sunlight, but it’s an excellent choice if you’re looking to minimize leaks and energy consumption.

Copper pipes can be used indoors and outdoors, since it’s stronger than PEX pipes, and still a common pipe you often find in residential areas. However, there are still many problems associated with copper pipes. Failures such as pinhole leaks and water chemistry can easily corrode copper pipes and shorten its lifespan.

If you’re looking for longevity and a 360-degree solution, we recommend using ePIPE to support your water pipes. ePIPE prevents leaks and corrosion for your PEX or copper pipes by coating it with an approved epoxy barrier coating.

Get in touch if you’d like to take advantage of our ePIPE system to prevent leaks in your plumbing systems without the fuss or high expense of traditional plumbing repairs!

Make Sure You Choose The Right One!

ByDino Pelle June 19, 2021September 28, 2021

When making repairs, upgrades, or renovations, many homeowners are left wondering which type of plumbing material is best for their home. The choice often comes down to the two most popular and common types of pipe materials: Copper vs PEX.

But choosing between the two can be difficult.

Copper is great for water supply lines and heating systems but not as good for drain or waste lines because it corrodes over time. PEX is easier to install than copper but isn’t as strong (the tradeoff is that it’s more resistant to corrosion).

Let’s tackle the great copper vs PEX debate head-on. We’ve created this ultimate guide so you have all of the information you’ll need to make the decision that’s right for you and your home.

What’s the difference between PEX and copper tubing? Let’s find out.

Table of Contents

Copper vs PEX: The Differences

1. History of Copper vs PEX

Copper is the most prominent plumbing material used throughout history being traced all the way back to ancient Egypt.

While plumbing has come a long way since the Egyptians, copper is still a durable plumbing material that can be found in countless homes throughout the country.

In the 21st century, copper pipes, as well as plastic PVC pipes, are being replaced with PEX.

One estimate states that residential use of PEX for delivering drinking water to home faucets has increased by 40 percent annually. And there is evidence that PEX will become the dominant technology for carrying water into homes and businesses in the years to come.

2. Lifespan of Copper vs PEX

There are three types of copper pipes; M-Type, L-Type, and K-Type.

M-Type copper pipes are the thinnest copper pipe used in residential plumbing lasting 20-50 years.
L-Type copper pipes are the most durable home piping and last between 50-100 years.
K-Type copper pipes are the thickest copper piping and are used for water mains in cities. The K-Type copper pipe lasts for at least 100 years. It isn’t necessary to have this durable plumbing in your house because it is expensive.

PEX pipes have a potential lifespan of over 100 years. This makes them much more durable than the lifespan of the average copper plumbing in the home.

3. Health Concerns of Copper vs PEX

Consumption of high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gastric (stomach) complaints and headaches. Long term exposure over many months and years can cause liver damage and death.

There are no health concerns affiliated with using PEX pipes.

4. Costs of Copper vs PEX

The following costs are for a 1/2″ x 10′ feet pipe at today’s rates. You can see that while copper has some great benefits, it is definitely more expensive.

M-Type (Copper): $14.26
L-Type (Copper): $20.76
K-Type (Copper): $36.80
PEX: $2.98

Where Should You Use Copper or PEX?

1. Copper Pipe Applications

Underground water and gas services
Water distribution systems
Chilled water mains
Drainage and vent systems
Heating systems (including solar)
Fuel-oil systems
Oxygen systems
Non-flammable medical-gas systems

2. PEX Pipe Applications

Water supply lines or portable distribution systems
Radiant floor heating applications
Heat transfer applications, such as floor cooling, snow melting, and permafrost protection
Water distribution for hot water applications, including radiators
Residential fire/sprinkler systems

The Pros & Cons of Copper vs PEX

1. Advantages of Copper Pipe

Copper pipes are durable
Resists rust
Can be recycled
Antimicrobial properties that kill bacteria, viruses, and other microbes upon contact

2. Disadvantages of Copper Pipe

Copper is expensive
Low resistance to acidity
Adds a slight metallic flavor to drinking water. Many people are turned off by this as the taste may be unpleasant
Can become toxic

3. Advantages of PEX Pipe

PEX is more resistant than copper to breakage caused by freezing.
Conserves energy by reducing the loss of heat through pipe wall.
PEX tubing can be bent and can curve around structural framing and other obstacles making installation easier
PEX doesn’t corrode.
More resistant to scale buildup
Much less expensive compared to copper
Requires fewer connections for installation making chance of leaks decrease

4. Disadvantages of PEX Pipe

Must be installed only in approved locations where it is protected from damage
It must be kept away from contact with flame or extreme heat
Must not be exposed to direct or indirect UV light, which damages the pipe over time
Can be damaged by high concentrations of chlorine

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is PEX really better than a copper pipe?

There are a few reasons why we think that PEX plumbing systems deliver superior performance over more traditional plumbing materials like copper. For one thing, PEX is cheaper than copper by about 60 percent.

PEX plumbing systems are also faster to install, won’t corrode, and are less affected by acidic fluids.

2. Does PEX require special installation tools?

In most cases, PEX plumbing systems do not require special installation tools. Crimp rings, cinch clamps, and cutting tools are necessary for PEX installation, but these are standard plumbing tools.

Although it’s not required for PEX installation, we also recommend adding a PEX GUN to your arsenal of plumbing tools. This tool is designed to help install a PEX pipe 5 times faster than hand installation. Learn more about PEX pipe installation here.

3. Can you connect PEX Pipes to a water heater?

We do not recommend connecting PEX tubing directly to the water heater. Exposure to heat has negative effects on PEX piping. Instead, it’s best to use at least 18 inches of copper piping up from a water heater. Then connect the PEX tubing directly to this pipe.

4. Is there a difference between the different colors of PEX pipe?

PEX piping comes in three different colors (red, blue, white). These colors have no real effect on the pipe. They are used as a reference for plumbers: red for hot water, blue for cold water, and white for miscellaneous use.

5. How do you cut PEX pipe?

Watch this video to learn how to cut a straight, smooth line with your PEX tube so it fits snugly and doesn’t create leaks or slippage. We’ll also show you how not to cut PEX.

Final Thoughts

As you can see, both types of pipe have tremendous advantages and even disadvantages. However, after reading this article, we hope you now have the knowledge and tools to help you choose the type of pipes that fit your needs and budget.

Call 1-Tom-Plumber

Never hesitate to contact us here or call us at 1-Tom-Plumber (1-866-758-6237) for help with your pipe repairs, replacements, or installations.

1-Tom-Plumber’s certified team of plumbers and drain technicians respond immediately to any emergency plumbing, drain, or water damage problem, including excavation of underground water lines and sewer main lines. Our immediate-response team is available every day and night of the year, even holidays.

Which Pipe Is Better To Install At Home?

As the world is advancing its living standards and focusing on sustainable technology, the people of the U.S have always preferred having a healthy & sustainable water supply in their homes. Hence, Pex vs. Copper pipe which is better for my home? is a question, always been asked.

When living in a big city, it can sometimes be best to not think about where the water coming out of your faucet has come from. Of course, it’s clean and safe, but what about the pipes the water has passed through in order to arrive in your kitchen?

When it comes to pipes needed in your home, whether you’re renovating or building a new home, Pex Pipes have always been in the first place and most recommended by professional plumbers for homes.

( The usage of Pex Piping & Copper Piping for water supply depends on the Demand & the type of the plumbing project .)

PEX VS COPPER: Which One Is The Best Choice for Homeowners

What to choose Pex or Copper pipe is a question that is mostly asked by the people who are willing to replace the water lines in their homes. Hence, it is important to know about the pros and cons of Pex and copper pipe. Below we have mentioned the points which will help you to understand which one water pipe will be better for you.

What is PEX Pipe, & Why to Choose it Over Copper Pipe

PEX, or as it’s formally known, cross-linked polyethylene, is piping that has been constructed from polythene (plastic) that is highly durable due to the fact that has been formed with extraordinarily strong cross-links. PEX has been around since the 1930s, but it wasn’t until improved production methods in the 1980s that it became a viable alternative to its copper counterparts.

WHY CHOOSE PEX?

Since PEX is a synthetic material, it doesn’t have as many environmental implications as copper piping, which is constructed using a non-renewable resource.
While many newer copper pipes are made from recycled copper, they are still far more costly than PEX. Copper prices have gone up in recent years, and as a result, PEX has become increasingly common when it comes to residential and commercial plumbing.
Most people prefer Pex over copper because there is very little risk of leaks with Pex Tubing.
Pex also doesn’t degrade like copper, higher PSI rating freezing pipes will still burst, but Pex is able to handle freezing temperature cold water more than copper.
Pex is also DIY friendly and is very easy to install in houses.

What is Copper Pipe, & Why to Choose it Over Pex Pipe

Copper Piping is a type of tube-like material made from copper, it includes a red-brown metal added with the chemical symbol Cu and it is referred to as atomic number 29. Copper piping is replaced by Pex Piping due to its prone nature towards erosion-corrosion especially when used to convey drinking water in homes. It also gets effects with other types of corrosions due to the reaction of water ions with copper ions.

WHY CHOOSE COPPER?

A key benefit of copper piping is that it lasts longer, and in many instances, the manufacturer will offer an amazing 50-year warranty on newly installed copper pipes.
While PEX also has a long shelf life, copper is the clear winner when it comes to durability. If you live in an area prone to natural disasters, copper is also the front-runner, since even in the event of severe damage; your copper pipes will often come through the incident unscathed.
Copper Pipe stays strong for long and there is no risk of a water leak in houses, and will also prevent any wall damage which can cost you unwanted extra money.
Copper plumbing pipes have proven to be incredibly durable. This piping material is able to handle the pressure of up to 1000 psi. The average lifespan of copper piping will range from 50 – 70 years depending on variables such as the surrounding climate, water quality, and operating patterns.
Copper Pipes are useful for a big building where there is a huge amount of water supply is required.

It’s never an easy decision to choose between Copper vs Pex plumbing, but your options will vary depending on your needs. If you need to install new piping, ask your contractor or plumber about the benefits of both options.

Is Pex Better Than Copper?

Most homeowners will opt for the ease and reduced cost of PEX, and it can also result in stronger water pressure than copper, since PEX is usually installed with less abrupt turns inside the wall, meaning that the water doesn’t have to slow down so much when it’s making its way to your shower.

PEX is also advantageous in parts of the world that suffer from harsh winters since it’s less prone to cracking from frozen water than copper. Pex Tubing is way cheaper compared to Copper because of its low labor installation. Pex tubing is becoming the first choice of the industry standard.

HOW LONG DO PEX PIPES LAST?

Long-term testing programs have shown that Pex Pipe can last for 100 years before they need to be replaced. If we compare copper pipes, they need to be replaced every few years due to corrosion and leaks, it’s simple that PEX pipes stay last longer than Copper Pipes. Additionally, installing PEX is easier than PVC, CPVC, or Copper.

Pex Piping Vs Copper: Choose The Best Water Supply Line For Your House

No matter which type of piping you decide to install in your home, it’s unlikely that it will still be there in 150 years’ time, so you really need to consider what’s best now for you and your family, as well as your bank balance. Both options have their advantages, but with soaring copper prices and increased environmental concern about the ongoing supply of the material, it’s little wonder that PEX will likely become the most used material in a few short years.

PEX vs Copper | Which is the best piping for your home?

For decades copper pipes were the standard in residential piping. Every home had copper pipes run throughout the home supplying all the hot and cold water to just about wherever it was needed. And then along came PEX and inevitably the comparisons and lots of questions. PEX vs Copper. Which is better? Which ones cheaper. What type should I use in my house. Which has the best warranty and lasts the longest. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each and what’s the difference. They just supply hot and cold water to stuff, right? Does it really matter if you install PEX vs Copper plumbing lines.

In this article we’ll discuss in depth both PEX and copper piping and why some prefer one vs the other. We’ll look at what PEX and copper are, how they’re made, installed and what they’re made of. And we’ll review the different types and sizes of both materials such as PEX A-B and C, what are they and what’s the difference. PEX Manifolds systems, different way to connect PEX and a lot more…

Copper pipes with a few brass fittings

Copper Pipes

Considered the plumbing standard for a very long time. Copper pipes are rigid metal that have historically been connected to one another with a variety of fittings and solder. For years, installers had to know how to “sweat” or solder pipes together with a blow torch. Soldering makes the physical, hard connection from pipe to pipe. However today’s plumbers have the option of using compression fittings to make connections from pipe to pipe without the use of solder.

Copper has natural attributes that make it perfect for plumbing. It creates an atmosphere which makes it difficult for bacteria to grow inside the pipes. It also resists corrosion and is unaffected by ultraviolet rays which allows you to use it outdoors. And it’s a hard rigid pipe which makes it hard for rodents to gnaw into like they can with PEX.

Copper does have a few disadvantages though. Copper has become expensive, whereas PEX has actually gone down in price. It can still corrode based on the pH levels of water and if you live in a cold climate, freezing water can cause pipes to burst if they’re not insulated properly.

Copper is also harder to install than PEX. It’s a hard pipe so you can’t easily snake it around the house like you can with PEX. You’ll need all sorts of fittings to make right angle turns. It’s a lot more work.

Copper Pipe Pros and Cons

Recycling: About half of the copper used in this country, which includes plumbing pipes and fittings, is created from recycled copper according to the copper industry’s trade group, Copper Development Association, Inc. (CDA). Copper is worth a lot of money and is easily recycled so there’s an incentive to recycle it.
Rigid: PEX’s flexibility is great when you want to snake around corners but bad when you need to stub out to a toilet or sink. For that we buy a special PEX fitting. That blue pipe sticking out of the wall running to your toilet looks really bad. Sometimes a rigid metal pipe just works better. Because it’s a hard metal it’s also resistant to rodents biting at it which is a big problem with PEX. In fact NYV banned the use of PEX inside the city for this exact reason.
Heat resistant: PEX is heat resistant and works great for under floor radiant heating. But for high heat applications like your water heater, you need to make that final connection with copper or some other metal like stainless steel or brass.
No toxic fumes: PEX is plastic and will melt in a fire giving off toxic fumes. Copper won’t.
Cheaper fittings: If you use standard copper fittings and solder they’re much cheaper than SharkBite or other compression fittings. In most cases they’re about 10 times less. Although you do have to know how to solder.
Copper has value: Any left over copper you have can be brought to a recycle center and traded for cash. It’s a real metal that has real value. Left over PEX is worthless.

PEX manifold plumbing system

PEX Piping

Introduced in the US around 1980 and first used in radiant floor heating, PEX is now considered the standard piping for use throughout most residential and commercial construction.

There are so many advantages to using PEX including cost, flexibility, and fast installation with fewer connections and fittings. Although PEX isn’t suitable for use outdoors because animals can easily chew through it, it’s much more resistant to freezing and bursting because it’s flexible.

PEX is color coded based on water temperature (red is hot, blue is cold, white is any) which is a nice feature although copper is better here as copper pipes can be used anywhere for any applications. You don’t want to use a blue PEX pipe for hot water.

Installing PEX pipingis super easy and can be done with crimp rings and a clamp tool or compression fittings. Either way is easier and less work than sweating copper.

PEX is much easier to snake throughout a house because it’s flexible. You don’t have to use a bunch of cuts and fittings like you do with copper.

PEX uses a manifold system to run water to individual fixtures. You’ll read more about this below. It’s a fantastic system that much better than using copper.

PEX Pipe Pros and Cons

Easy to work with: PEX is easy to work with. All you need are clamps and a crimp tool or compression fittings. No need for soldering or using a torch.
Easy to cut: Copper pipes need a special tool to cut them evenly. The same tool is used for PEX but it’s a lot easier. And you can also use a cutting tool that looks like a scissor. It’s a softer material so it’s just easier to do. This may not seem like a big deal but if you make a few 100 cuts a day it is.
Lower cost: PEX is much cheaper than copper pipe and doesn’t require nearly as many fittings.
Flexible: It’s easy to snake PEX wherever you need it to go without needing a bunch of right angle fittings. This saves a lot of time and money.
Fast: It’s much faster to plumb a house with PEX than it is with copper which will make you money.
Manifold: The PEX manifold system is so much better than what’s used with copper it’s not even close. What the manifold system is and how it works will be discussed below.
More expensive fittings: You don’t need as many fittings as you do with copper but when you do need them they’re expensive. Compression fittings are copper are just as expensive but they have much cheaper options.

PEX vs Copper Lifespan: Which Lasts Longer?

Copper pipes are hard to beat in terms of longevity and have a very long track record of solid performance. We can look at homes with copper piping that’s 100+ years old and see how it’s all held up and if they’re were any failures where and why did they occur. And then we can make adjustments to prevent failures in the future. We can’t do that with PEX. It’s too new. No one can tell you how it should perform in 50 years because no one really knows.

Manufacturers say copper pipes should last on average 50 to 70 years compared to PEX, which has an expected lifespan of 30 to 50 years.There are a lot of other factors that go into this comparison like system design and installation skill but assuming the systems are both designed and installed correctly, copper wins hands down. If I was building my own home I’d install copper. It’s just a better material than PEX and time tested to last.

Now that’s not to say there’s anything wrong with using PEX. We use it on the vast majority of homes we either build or remodel. It just doesn’t last as long.

Both PEX and copper pipes can fail prematurely from a number of very common issues we’ll list below.

Common Reasons For Premature Failure With Pex Pipes

The use of extremely hot household water, 180 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, or if the water in the home contains high levels of chlorine.
PEX is susceptible to rodent and UV damage. Don’t leave PEX piping in the sun, use it outdoors or under a house or crawl space where animals can gnaw on it. NYC actually bans the use of PEX anywhere in the city due to the rats. They’ll chew right threw it causing leaks. They require hard piping only which rats can’t damage.
Because of how flexible PEX pipes are they can move inside the walls when water is turned off and on. Remember PEX isn’t a rigid pipe like copper. It has a lot of play in the line. You can use this by tightly strapping the pipes inside the walls to studs. If you don’t they’ll eventually leak.
Improper installation.
Failure at one of the valves.
Failure at one of the connecting fittings.
Poor manifold design.

Common Reasons For Premature Failure With Copper Pipes

Copper pipes can fail from carrying highly acidic water. When installed under normal conditions with regular city water, copper can be expected to outlast PEX by at least 20 years. However if you have a private well have your water tested to determine whether it’s high in acid or chlorine.
Installation errors due to soldering joints.
Improper strapping during installation can cause pipes to vibrate inside the walls, which creates a banging sound, when under pressure from running water. This can eventually cause a leak at one of the solder points.
Failure at one of the valves.

Pex vs Copper Cost: Which Costs More?

The cost of copper has risen substantially in resent years and continues to do so just like other metals. Because of this increase products made from copper, like pipes, have increased as well. Even though with PEX you have to buy all sorts of additional supplies and fittings to make the system work it’s still a lot cheaper than copper.

It’s actually so much cheaper that converting to PEX pipes for small jobs is actually worth it. They sell compression fittings that are super simple to use. You just push them on the edge of the copper pipe and then run your PEX. A few years ago it was worth using copper for small jobs on older homes that had copper pipes. But not any more. The cost of copper keeps going up and PEX prices have actually come does some due to increased competition and volume orders.

On average, installing copper water pipes will be about 60% – 70% more expensive than PEX. For example, we paid our plumber $14,000 to install PEX on a new custom home we built last year. 3400 Sq. Ft., 4 bath, kitchen, laundry, etc. All the standard stuff you find in homes throughout the area. Nothing too custom in the showers. We bid out the exact same house with the exact same fixtures in copper just for comparison and it came to just under $24,000.

That’s a huge difference on your average house and homeowners just don’t want to pay it. In terms of cost PEX is the clear winner here.

Pex vs Copper: Water Flow Rate

A little known detail about using PEX is that PEX fittings go INSIDE the pipe. They are therefore slightly smaller in diameter which negatively effects water flow rate. For example a 3/4 PEX fitting is equally as wide as a 1/2 copper fitting. So if you work with PEX you have to figure the system differently than if your used to working with copper.

A short distance of restriction does not reduce water flow as much as a longer section of smaller diameter piping because water can speed up through a small area. PEX also has smaller fittings but doesn’t have as many right angles throughout the system because the lines can be bent. No right angles means better water flow. Calculating the rate of water flow throughout a home is an important part of plumbing system design and should only be done by either a qualified plumber or an MEP engineer.

So as a general rule of thumb, switching from 1/2″ copper to 1/2″ PEX for long distances would reduce water flow somewhat, but for short distances you won’t notice it and in some cases can actually have the effect of increased pressure at the fixture.

If your used to piping an entire house with 1/2″ copper you can’t just go to 1/2″ PEX. You won’t have the same water pressure. The system has to be designed for either copper or PEX piping. If you switch between the two for whatever reason, usually in older homes, we up size the PEX for long runs and stay the same for short ones.

Does PEX Piping Freeze Like Copper?

Most builders prefer using PEX piping over copper in areas where freezing is an issue because there’s a lot less risk of burst pipes. PEX doesn’t degrade like copper which can weaken areas of the copper pipe making them more susceptible to cracking. And PEX is a lot more resistant to breakage than copper or rigid plastic pipe because it’s flexible. If water freezes inside the pip PEX can flex and give a little, rigid pipes can’t.

Some people ask the question, does PEX freeze? What they’re really asking is will the pipes burst like copper can. And the answer is yes. If it gets cold enough any pipe can freeze if there’s water in it. However PEX can expand much more than copper before it bursts which makes it a much better pipe in cold climates.

However this isn’t really an issue with copper in newer well insulated homes. We see burst copper pipes all the time in winter but it’s mainly in older homes that aren’t insulated properly. To fix the burst pipe we change the pipe and also insulate.

Which Is Easier To Install? PEX Vs Copper.

PEX pipes are easier to install and run throughout a home than copper is. With copper you have to measure and cut a bunch of lengths and then solder then all together using a blow torch. Copper is a rigid pipe so you can’t just bend it like you can with PEX. You need a bunch of lengths of pipe and lots of fittings. If you know how to solder it’s not hard work to run plumbing lines but it’s a lot more work. The man hours to run copper are more than double than if you worked with PEX.

If you don’t know how to solder copper pipes then you can use compression fittings. They’re expensive but easy to use. Just snap the end of the pipe into the fitting and your done. There are a lot of fittings in a home through so the price will really add up if your doing a large job. However you’ll save a ton of time on labor because there’s no soldering required with compression fittings.

PEX on the other had is flexible so you can easily run it wherever and however you want. PEX comes on a large spool, you just cut a length and then snake it where you need it. It’s super fast and easy to work with. Blue lines are cold, red lines are hot.

Connections are made with a crimp tool and clamps or compressions fittings. Just like with copper you just push the pipe into the fitting until it connects and that’s it. The clamps are easy to use to. Just put the crimp tool over the line and squeeze. The tool does all the work.

In just about every way PEX is easier to work with than copper. There’s really no comparison here. Because of how flexible it is and how easy it is to make connections without needing solder it’s the clear winner.

We Recommend PEX Because It’s DIY Friendly

For DIY homeowners, PEX pipe is easier to install than copper. Making the necessary connections with copper pipes requires a torch and solder. Most homeowner don’t know how to solder and working with a torch can be dangerous. If your a homeowner working with copper we recommend compressions fittings that don’t require soldering. They’re more expensive but super easy to use. But if your using compressions fittings anyway then just use PEX.

PEX pipes connect with a number of easy to use fittings. The standard connections are done with a clamp you slide on and then compress with a tool. It’s super easy. And if you don’t want to buy the crimp tool then use compression fittings. You just push them together to make the connection and that’s it.

If your using compression fittings instead of the clamps and crimp tool then why is PEX better? Because it’s easier to work with. It cuts easier and it’s flexible. Hard pipe is a pain to get into tough locations. You may have to make some right angles and exact measurements. With PEX you just snake it wherever you need it to go. And it’s a lot cheaper too which is always a good thing.

How Do PEX And Copper Fittings Work

SharkBite is the brand name for the push fit or stab in plumbing fittings that we use for either PEX or copper. With just a little pressure, the pipe pushes into the SharkBite and is held in place by tiny teeth. SharkBite is the only connector that works with either copper pipe or PEX pipe which is why we like it so much.

With PEX piping you don’t need a lot of connectors. Most plumbers use clamps and a crimp tool sold with the pipes. They’re super easy to use. Just put a clamp on where you want to make a connection and then crimp it with the tool. No soldering or expensive fittings needed. If for whatever reason you want to use a connector then push on a Sharkbite.

For copper pipes you’ll need a bunch of right angles and other fittings to get the pipes where you need them to go. You can use standard copper fittings that require soldering or compression fittings. We’re not going to explain how to solder a pipe here but we’ll eventually link to a video showing how to do it so check back.

Fittings for Copper

A variety of copper fittings are available that get the rigid copper pipes where you need them to go
Compression fittings

Fittings for PEX

Compression fittings
Clamps which are installed with a crimp tool

PEX manifold system. Main water supply comes in from the street and then gets diverted to each fixture independent of one another.

What Is A PEX Manifold

PEX manifolds serve as control centers that delivers hot and cold water to flexible PEX supply lines running from the manifold to individual fixtures. Each fixture essentially has a home run to the manifold, rather than to a trunk line, as with traditional trunk and branch piping, which is what you see with copper. So what does that actually mean to the homeowner.

Some water fixtures, such as a sink, toilet or washing machine, have an individual shutoff valve located nearby. In the case of a sink it’s usually in the vanity cabinet below. A toilet’s shut off should be right behind the toilet. But shut off valves for other fixtures like a tub or shower usually don’t have their own shutoff anywhere nearby.You may have to run into the attic or basement and shut off a larger area to stop the leak. In older homes you may even have to shut off the main.

PEX works totally different. Every fixture in the home has supply lines that run directly to the manifold with it’s own shutoff. The manifold has labels for each shutoff valve, such as “kitchen sink” or “master bath,” so turning the water supply off and on for any fixture is simple.

Since each fixture has a home run from the manifold directly to itself you don’t get pressure loss like you do in older systems when lots of stuffs turned on. The home’s main water supply line goes directly into the manifold and then out through each individual supply line completely independent of one another. The only way a fixture in the home would lose pressure is if you used more water pressure than is supplied from the city.

How a PEX Plumbing Manifold Works

A PEX manifold has separate chambers for hot and cold water lines. Hot on one side and cold on the other. The cold water manifold is fed from the main water supply line and the hot water manifold is fed from the water heater. Water pressure is maintained by the incoming supply line.

A water line dedicated to each individual fixture starts from a port in the manifold and then runs to it’s fixture. Every fixture in the home has a line that runs back to the manifold.

PEX manifolds can be mounted anywhere in the house. Typically somewhere convenient to get to but also hidden.

The PEX manifold controls all the water pressure throughout the entire house. From the manifold you can turn individual fixtures off and on however you like. This isn’t the case with copper.

Copper pipes are run in a completely different way and don’t have a manifold. Individual shutoffs are by some fixtures and others are scattered throughout the house. You may have a shutoff in an attic or basement, behind the wall, hidden in a closet or behind an access panel. There’s no one main hub where you control everything like you have with PEX.

Tools Of The Trade | PEX vs Copper

Below we’ll talk about the most common tools you’ll need for installing both PEX and Copper pipes.

Tools Needed For Working With Copper Pipes

When your working with copper pipes you’ll typically need lengths of pipe, fittings, a torch, solder and flux, a cutting tool and a rag to wipe the pipe with after you solder it. If you don’t want to solder then you’ll need some compression fittings.

Keep in mind that to remove a soldered fitting all you have to do is reheat it to melt the solder. But to remove a compression fitting you need a little tool we don’t show here. It’s sold separately for around $10 bucks. If you make all your connections correctly you won’t need it but it’s good to have.

Tools Needed For Working With PEX Pipes

A lot of the tools needed for working with PEX pipes vs. copper are the same. You still need a cutting tool but with PEX you can use one that’s shaped like a scissors. You have the option of using either compression fittings or the standard PEX fittings with clamps and crimping tool. And of course you’ll need lengths of pipe.

PEX comes color coded. Red for hot, blue for cold and white for either.

Conclusion

PEX Vs Copper. Both PEX and Copper are great materials for plumbing a home and both have their advantages and disadvantages. You really can’t go wrong with either and which is better really depends on the application. Every jobs different and one material may be slightly better than the other in certain cases. I don’t think there’s any clear winner but overall I still prefer copper. Call me old fashioned but I like using a real metal over a plastic.

We hope this article gave you some useful information that you can put to good use. Check back, we update these pages with new pics all the time as we get them. If you’ve got any pics you’d like us to showcase send them over.

If you have any questions or comments feel free to e-mail us any time. We’d love to hear from you.

Why We Recommend PEX Tubing Over Copper Piping – Aquor Water Systems

June 12, 2017

Over the last few decades, cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing has taken over the plumbing world by storm. With significantly lower costs than copper piping, as well as a much easier installation process, it is no surprise that PEX has become a viable alternative to the old standard of copper. In this post, we’ll walk you through several pros and cons of each to help you decide when installing your next House Hydrant.

Installation

Unlike rigid copper pipes, PEX is flexible and can bend in different directions. It can be shaped around turns, and does not require 90° elbow joints at every junction like copper piping. The main value of having fewer joints is a considerably shorter installation time and better reliability, but the less-turbulent water flow also results in greater water pressures at your fixtures and quieter piping. ¹

PEX is stored and transported on large spools, so long runs of tubing can be easily cut and installed. It can be “fished” into hard-to-reach areas and maneuvered around obstacles. On the other hand, copper pipes are rigid and need to be joined together to make longer sections.

To join sections of copper piping, flux is applied and then the ends are soldered using a high-temperature MAPP torch. PEX does not require any flames – an expansion tool is used to “stretch” the ends of the tubing, which then slips over the fitting and immediately shrinks. As quick as this method is, when the tube shrinks it holds tight with a thousand pounds of radial force, creating a durable and long-lasting connection. ²

Durability & Maintenance

Directly routing PEX from a distribution point to its source without cutting or splicing the tubing means that you’ll also be avoiding potential points of failure, and saving money on joints.

Fewer fittings also reduces the chance of leaks and other problems.

Although copper piping takes significantly longer to install, it does provide a longer overall lifespan. Copper manufacturers typically offer a 50 year warranty in comparison to 25 years for PEX, but this of course may vary by supplier.

Keep in mind that even with a longer total lifespan, copper piping is more susceptible to corrosion and pinhole leaks. In normal conditions, copper is bacteriostatic, meaning it resists bacterial build-up. But if you have “hard” or acidic water at home, it will corrode the piping over time and could leach copper, lead, or other contaminants into your water supply.

Another advantage to using PEX tubing with your Aquor House Hydrant is easy cleaning and maintenance. Although every home should be built with access to all of its plumbing fixtures, this is not always the case. If you have copper plumbing and your outdoor faucets are hidden inside finished walls, you will need an access panel installed for any future maintenance. But with PEX tubing, you can easily access your entire fixture from outside the home. When installing with PEX, you can add an additional loop of tubing inside your wall. When it is time to clean or service your House Hydrant, you can easily undo the three screws from the faceplate, and then pull the entire assembly out from the exterior of your home.

Freeze Resistance

If you live in a region that experiences freezing temperatures regularly, having PEX plumbing can protect your home with a second line of defense against frozen pipes. The first and most important forms of protection are your outdoor faucet and wall insulation. If the ambient temperature around your plumbing drops below freezing, the water inside will expand when it turns into ice. Copper pipe has little tensile strength, and will burst easily if frozen, but PEX tubing can expand and contract a few times in these conditions. PEX tubing also offers the benefit of lower thermal conductivity than copper, resulting in less heat loss and greater freeze resistance.

Cost

With copper prices skyrocketing over the last decade, it is no surprise that PEX is often chosen nowadays solely for affordability. There are many different manufacturers and types of tubing, but on average the raw materials cost about 1/4 of copper. One upside of copper piping is that it is universally pretty much the same, so choosing a supplier may not be as important as with PEX.

Lastly, installing PEX is usually much cheaper – it is less labor-intensive because there are fewer joints needed, as well as no glue or torches used.

Environmental Impact
Unlike copper, acidic water won’t make PEX corrode and leach toxins. It is also more resistant to mineral build-up that comes with hard water. However, PEX is not UV stable and cannot be used outdoors. The chemical composition and quality of the tubing can also vary by manufacturer and type, so choose your supplier carefully.

Finally, although copper can be recycled, PEX takes less energy to produce and has a lower carbon footprint than copper piping.

While each type of plumbing has its own benefits and drawbacks, it is easy to see why PEX tubing has become so popular among plumbers and homebuilders in recent years. With its low cost, easy connections, and added freeze protection, Aquor recommends using PEX for your next House Hydrant install.

which pipes are suitable for my house?

Contents

Copper lasts longer than PVC pipes.

Copper is also more expensive.

PEX requires fewer connections.

PEX offers a center cover.

Copper is more likely to freeze and break.

PEX is more convenient for self use.

Copper was once the best choice for all plumbing pipes, but it’s been pushed aside by PEX pipes for short. While copper continues to play an important role in new construction plumbing, PEX pipes are quickly becoming the choice for renovations and retrofits. Both copper and PEX have a number of advantages and disadvantages, so if you’re looking to replace your home’s existing water system, keep reading. This PEX vs Copper cheat sheet outlines the main differences between the two materials so you can make an informed decision for your plumbing project.

Copper lasts longer than PVC pipes.
Copper pipe is hard to beat in terms of durability, which averages 50 to 70 years, compared to PEX, which has an expected life of 30 to 50 years. The lifespan of PEX can be shortened by using very hot water in the house (180 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) or if the water in the house contains high amounts of chlorine.

Copper life can be shortened by highly acidic water. When installed under normal conditions (for example, your house is connected to the municipal water supply), you can expect copper to outlast PEX by about 20 years. If you are using a private well, test the water before upgrading the water system. Local County Assistance Offices may test well water to determine if it contains high amounts of acid or chlorine.

Copper is also more expensive.
In recent years, the cost of copper has increased significantly due to increased recycling, so copper production has also increased. On average, installing copper water pipes will be 58-68 percent more expensive than installing PEX. For example, you can expect to pay $8,000 to $10,000 to have a plumber replace old pipes with new copper pipes in an average 1,500-square-foot, two-bath home, compared to $4,000 to $6,000 for PEX.

PEX requires fewer connections.
Because copper is rigid, it must be cut to size and corner fittings installed each time it approaches a corner, such as when it switches from a vertical section between uprights to a horizontal section to meet a sink. More connections means more installation work. On the other hand, PEX runs continuously from the water distribution panel (called manifold) to every fixture (bathtubs, sinks, etc. ). PEX bends easily around corners, so no additional connections are required.

In a refurbishment project, flexibility is a big plus because PEX pipe can pass through finished walls without the need to cut drywall. To install new copper pipes in a finished home, the drywall must be removed so the plumber can make the connections.

PEX offers a center cover.
Most plumbing fixtures, such as bathtubs, sinks, and showers, have individual shutoff valves located somewhere nearby. In the case of a sink, it is usually in the vanity cabinet below, but shut-off valves for bathtubs and showers are often located behind screw-fastened door panels, making them difficult to access.

With PEX, each pipe is connected to a distribution manifold (usually located near where the plumbing enters the house), and each individual pipe has its own shut-off valve directly on the manifold. The manifold has labels for each shutoff valve, such as “Bathtub” or “Laundry Sink”, so turning the water supply off and on for any fixture is very easy.

Copper is more likely to freeze and break.
One of the biggest disadvantages of copper pipes is their tendency to crack if the water inside freezes and expands. With a degree of flexibility, PEX can expand if the water inside it freezes, making PEX more resistant to breakage when frozen.

However, there is little risk of copper pipes freezing and breaking when building new homes because modern plumbing practices are designed to keep the pipes insulated and safe.

The problem is more common in older houses that lack proper insulation. If you live in a cold region and your home isn’t well insulated, or if you’ve had problems with your water pipes freezing in the past, it might be worth replacing your pipes with PEX.

PEX is more convenient for self use.
For DIYers, PEX pipe is the easier type to install. Making the necessary connections in copper pipes requires the use of a torch to solder and seal the fittings.

PEX pipe connects with a range of easy-to-use fittings, including quick connect fittings that connect by simply sliding them together, compression fittings (requiring a special crimping tool) or clamp fittings (requiring a clamping tool).

Manufacturers of each type of fitting usually post detailed installation videos on their websites and because PEX is flexible you will only need to make two connections for each fixture – one on the manifold and the other on the fixture itself.

Note. Permission to install new plumbing in your own home depends on the building codes in your area, so check with your local building authority before you start.

Where are iwiss instruments made? – News Share

Pex Crimping

This is the oldest and most popular method of sealing joints. Both professionals are homeowners, trust PEX crimping tools to provide fast, reliable and accurate 9 seals0004 . PEX Crump tools usually have copper rings for proper tightening. In addition, the teeth inside the ring are tightly sealed with a PEX tube.

How long do PEX crimps take?

ASTM International, a standards organization, requires Pex Pipe to have a life expectancy of at least 50 years .

What is better to burn or burn?

Stainless steel clamps are stronger than copper crimp rings. I know this from personal experience after working with frozen water lines. When an established connection freezes with water in the line, it will cause the copper crimp ring to expand enough to cause a leak when it breaks.

Why is Pex Clumbing bad?

Potential chemical leaching is another disadvantage of PEX piping. Due to its chemical composition, Pex Pibe material can flush out toxic chemicals including bisphenol (BPA), MTBE, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), and others.

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What is better to crimp or crimp pex?

Squeezing and pinching create equally strong seals that don’t leak when done properly. … Stainless steel clamps resist corrosion more effectively than copper crimps, which can be a major advantage in direct storm applications. Pex clamps also tend to be removed.

Should I use Pex or copper?

We generally believe that pex plumbing tubing is much better than copper for most, if not all, plumbing systems. … PEX tubing is much more freeze resistant than copper or rigid plastic tubing. PEX tubing is cheaper because it requires much less labor to install. PEX tubing is fast becoming the industry standard.

where pex is not allowed?

pex is not permitted in commercial or industrial buildings , and therefore not in residential buildings that are considered “commercial industry”.

Why is PEX banned in California?

Pex was banned in California due to some concerns about toxic materials leaking through the pipe and into the water. Through various national laboratory tests, PEX has proven to be completely safe and durable. It is now legal in California and is even included in major plumbing codes.

shark leak?

Sharkbite materials are designed to create a seal seal. When a shark fitting is leaking, the first thing you’ll want to see is to see if the pipe is properly connected to the fitting. … By pressing in the drip, the steel teeth from the inside will be released and you will be able to pull out your pipe.

What is the life expectancy of Pex Tubing?

In addition, long-term testing programs for PEX have shown it to have a potential lifespan of over 100 years . So while copper systems may need to be reattached every few years or decades due to corrosion and hill leaks, a PEX system can last 10 times longer – or more.

What are crimping tools?

A crimping tool is a tool used to make cold welds between wires and a connector by deforming one or both of them to hold the other. A special connector is used to combine metals.

Is PEX safe for drinking water 2020?

The drinking water inner pipe is made of a plastic called cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). … No health risks associated with drinking water from Pex Pipes. Several types of PEX-Pipe can cause long lasting unwanted taste and odor if water remains in the pipes over time.

Pex OK for hot water?

white Pex pipe can be used for hot or cold water . Gray Pex Tipe, like white, can be used for hot or cold water (although not all DIY centers carry gray).

Do all plumbers use pex?

Pex Piping and Fittings are regulated here in California and must meet specific code requirements to avoid leaching contaminants into the water. International standards are set by ASTM. All current plumbing models endorse PEX, although some jurisdictions use an older version code that may not include it.

How long will Sharkbite fittings last?

How long do Sharkbite fittings last? Sharkbite materials last a long time. In fact, Sharkbite guarantees fittings for 25 years when used with Sharkbite tubing.

How long will copper pipes last in a house?

Piping Types: What your pipes are made of and how long they will last. Copper: Copper piping remains extremely common in plumbing systems across America. Copper pipes last about 70-80 years, so if your house was built fairly recently, your copper pipes are probably in good shape.

How long did Pex last against copper?

Copper lasts longer than PVC pipes. 50 years .

Can you crimp without crimping?

As for this no crimp, have fun! If you’re going to try it, use a small flat head screwdriver to pry the pins into the wires. You will need to push all 8 pins into 8 wires.

Do I need a PEX crimping tool?

Connections for most PEX supply jobs require a special tool. There are several PEX supply connection methods, but only two are affordable enough to be practical for DIYERS: ferrules and clamps CINCH . An idol ring is a strip of metal, usually copper, that you slide over the outsole and compress with a crimping tool.

What is the best PEX tool?

The best crimping tool: Iwiss iws-fas pex crimping kit.

Best Cinch Tool: Icrimp Pex Cinch Tool.

Most versatile: Conbraco Apollo Pex Multi-Head Crump Tool Kit.

Best for Tough Places: Pex Pex Head Head Crimping Tool Set.

Test of self-made solar collectors. PEX pipe or copper?

11/05/2016

Promised to publish a performance test of two prototypes: a homemade solar collector based on copper pipes with an aluminum absorber and a collector on PEX pipes with aluminum fins. The test of solar collectors allows you to determine how much more efficient copper is than cross-linked polyethylene and whether it makes sense to invest in copper pipes, a copper absorber and soldering.

General conditions for collector comparison test:

The area of each collector is 3 sq.m.

Both manifolds tested are fed from identical 19 liter tanks.

Connected to two identical pumps.

Start air temperature 24°C.

Flow rate approx. 11 liters per minute.

The graph shows the tank temperature of each collector. The black dotted line is a copper solar collector, the red one is a XLPE collector.

“Dips” on the temperature curves around 50°C indicate that the pumps have stopped working due to overheating protection.

Both manifolds were run at 16°C. When the copper solar water heater reached 57°C, the PEX collector was at 52°C. For 1.3 hours, the copper manifold is 14% more efficient.

Both water heaters continue to increase temperature (65°C) despite intermittent pump failures.

Copper manifold with aluminum absorber can be considered the performance equivalent of a commercial equivalent system.

Water heating rate in both collectors is about one shower per hour from three square meters of collector on a sunny day.

Copper manifold test with insulated tank

Copper manifold connected to a 144 liter insulated galvanized tank. The thermal insulation is rigid 5 cm, similar to the insulation on the collector.

On the first day, a submersible pump was used, providing a flow of about 5 liters per minute. The pump is powered by a small solar panel. The graph shows not a full day, the air temperature was about 21 degrees.

The water in the tank at the start was 13°C and warmed up to 47°C at the peak. The graph shows the time of day scale in hours during which the test was carried out. The rate of change of water temperature in the tank for 1 hour (from 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. at the start of the water temperature of 35°C) was 7 degrees – this is a good heat recovery rate for a solar collector storage tank.

The next day, the collector is tested with the tank heated to 33°C and reaches 60°C. The pump speed and flow are the same.

Solar Collector Alternative Test

This comparison test was done before full size prototypes were made, but with the same materials (one difference is the copper absorber on the copper tube, not the aluminum absorber). For both configurations, small test manifolds were built with identical reservoirs. Water during the test circulates through the tank to the collector and back. A more productive prototype heats water to a higher temperature and the temperature difference is an indicator of efficiency.

All conditions for test models are the same. The capacity of the tanks is 19 liters.

The intensity of solar activity is measured by a special sensor at the top of the stand. The temperature of the tanks is recorded by a sensor with data transfer to a computer. The air temperature is recorded in the shade.

Pump speed 1.5 liters per minute.

Mini solar collector test results

Copper water heater with copper absorber Prototype collector with PEX pipe and aluminum absorber

Copper vs Polyethylene: Polyethylene tube header with aluminum fins gives 84. 2% efficiency of copper model with copper absorber (working full size prototype will use aluminum absorber instead of copper absorber).

Why is the collector performance on PEX pipes lower?

The thermal conductivity of XLPE is lower than that of copper.

Aluminum finning is somewhat inferior to copper in thermal conductivity.

9The 0032 PEX manifold gives very decent performance for the price. The author of the prototypes managed to assemble the system for a sixth of the price of a commercial collector, while he had to buy everything, every screw and sheet of aluminum. At the same time, the performance of a homemade collector is only 15% lower. You can increase the size of your system and catch up with this loss by spending pennies on top.

The main disadvantage of the PEX-collector is no work in winter. Copper will slightly warm the water, at least for a home boiler. I will write about frost protection separately, there are many nuances.

Probably the best price-performance ratio is a copper solar collector with an aluminum absorber. It does not require serious protection from temperature changes during periods of stagnation, however, the assembly requires the skills of copper soldering.

Solar collectors

Which pipes to choose for heating and water supply at home?

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How to minimize risks when installing heating and water supply systems?

R. Vitchenko

Pipeline materials
Modern materials for in-house cold water, hot water and heating systems have a number of specific technological and operational features that should be taken into account even before the installation stage.

The most popular materials for the manufacture of plumbing and heating systems are cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X), high temperature resistant polyethylene (PE-RT), polypropylene (PP), metal-plastic (MLC).

Fig. 1. The structure of polyethylene

Cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) is an ethylene polymer with cross-linked molecules (PE – PolyEthylene, X – Cross-linked). It differs from ordinary polyethylene by additional cross-linked molecular bonds in its structure.

There are three main technologies for the production of PE-X – two chemical and physical:

increased content of active oxygen) – PE-Xa.

2-3. Release process of PE-Xa

Silane (chemical) or PE-Xb – treatment of extruded pipe with moisture, into which silane + catalyst was previously implanted.

4-5. Production process PE-Xb

Electronic (physical) method, PE-Xc – electron beam processing. High Temperature Resistant Polyethylene (PE-RT) is an ethylene-octene copolymer with a controlled side chain distribution molecular structure that achieves high hydrostatic stress resistance over a wide operating temperature range.

Fig. 6. PE-X manufacturing process with electron beam electron beam treatment

Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer of propylene (propene). Polypropylene is obtained by polymerization of propylene in the presence of metal complex catalysts, for example, Ziegler–Natta catalysts (for example, a mixture of TiCl4 and AlR3).

Fig. 7. Crystalline microstructure of the compound of heat-resistant polyethylene PE-RT

Fig. 8. Formula and structure of polypropylene

Metal-plastic (MLC) is a composite material used in the production of water pipes, in which aluminum and polyethylene layers are combined.

Fig. 9. Metal-plastic pipe

There are different options for the manufacture of metal-plastic pipes:

PEX / AL / PEX – cross-linked polyethylene layer / aluminum layer / cross-linked polyethylene layer;

PE-RT/AL/PE-RT – high temperature polyethylene layer/aluminum layer/high temperature polyethylene layer;

PEX/AL/PE – XLPE layer/Aluminum layer/PE layer.

Table 1 shows the main material comparison data.

Table 1. Polymer pipes for water
Based on the data in Table 1, a number of conclusions can be drawn.

• Polypropylene – rigid pipes. Polypropylene pipes in modern systems, due to the lack of an anti-diffusion barrier, are used only in water supply systems. In the case of using polypropylene pipes (without an anti-diffusion layer) in closed heating systems, customers lose the warranty for their steel elements of the system (eg boilers or radiators). Due to the properties of polypropylene – stiffness and high coefficient of linear expansion, the PP system requires thermal expansion joints, which increases the number of fittings required and slightly increases the cost of the system and installation time.

Fig. Fig. 10. Thermal expansion of products from various materials with a length of 50 m at Δt = 50 K

Fig. 11. An example of a riser from a polypropylene system

In metal-plastic pipes, the metal base is hidden inside the product, ensuring its rigidity and shape retention, and polyethylene layers cover it from the outside, providing surface smoothness, corrosion resistance and attractive appearance. Also, the aluminum base acts as an anti-diffusion barrier. An important factor is the thickness and quality of aluminum, as well as the type of welded joint used in the manufacture of the pipe – butt or overlap. Butt welding requires more aluminum thickness, which adds to the cost, but results in a higher quality product. Temperature resistance depends on the type of polyethylene used.

Fig. 12. Types of welded joint: butt (left), overlap (right)

PE-RT pipes due to their properties are mainly intended for floor heating systems (low temperature heating systems).

Fig. 13. An example of mounting a “warm floor” system from PE-RT

Products from PE-X are plastic and do not require the presence of compensators in the installed system. They have good indicators of endurance in a wide range of temperatures (from -100°C to +110°C) and to loads for a long time. They have shape memory.

Fig. 14. An example of a riser made of PE-X

15. Bay PE-X

Based on the data in Table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Table 2. Comparison of pipes made of different types of PE-X

The use of PE-Xb for drinking water supply is prohibited in some European countries, and its use for heating systems is associated with certain risks. When exposed to high temperatures, the silane that remains in the pipes stimulates the aging process, as a result of which PE-Xb products gradually lose their plasticity and become brittle. The use of several types of PE-X on site (for example, PE-Xb for heating and other material for water supply) can lead to installation errors (pipes can be mixed up with each other). From the point of view of installation and operation at the facility, it is more convenient to use one type of pipe and connection system.

The use of PE-Xa, in contrast to PE-Xb, is associated with fewer risks. The peroxide in the pipe wall is considered safe for humans within the normal range. Therefore, during installation, care must be taken not to confuse pipes for water supply with pipes for heating.

The use of PE-Xc minimizes the risk of human error during installation as the pipe is universal for any system. Compared to other types of pipes, when exposed to high temperatures, PE-Xc retains its properties longer, which minimizes the risk of early failure of the system.

Installation of piping systems
Unfortunately, it is impossible to prevent all risks only by rational selection of material. A piping system is pipes, fittings and connections. The type of connection, speed and ease of installation and durability play a big role in modern construction. And given that all materials are more or less interchangeable, you need to pay attention to the connection method developed for each type of pipe. Below is table 3 with connection types commonly used for heating and plumbing installations.

Table 3. Methods of mounting fittings
Each method of connection has certain advantages and disadvantages.

Polypropylene welding. This connection method is used for polypropylene pipes and requires a certain skill. On the one hand, with its correct execution, this connection can be considered quite reliable. But under construction conditions (under different temperature conditions), there is a danger of insufficient heating of the edges of the pipe and fitting before connection, as a result of which the seam will not have tightness (will delaminate) or will not have sufficient strength under load. Or, conversely, in case of overheating, internal sagging may occur in the connection area up to the complete blocking of the hole in the fitting. Such influxes are dangerous because they are not visually detected and interfere with the passage of water through the connection (many times increase local pressure losses).

Fig. 16. An example of polypropylene pipelines
Press connection – when connecting a pipe and a fitting, the pipe is not subject to expansion, which requires a smaller diameter of the fittings, as a result, local pressure losses increase. The joint is usually sealed with rubber rings, and their service life is limited. There is also a risk of insufficient crimping at the junction of the pipe and fitting, which can eventually lead to loss of tightness during operation.

Fig. 17. Example of radial pressure piping systems
Push-in connection – when connecting a pipe and a fitting, the pipe is not subject to expansion, which requires a smaller diameter fittings, resulting in increased local pressure losses. Fittings are usually made of brass and are expensive. The connection itself remains detachable (on the thread). Such connections should always be accessible due to the possibility of loss of tightness during operation (according to DBN, they cannot be hidden in walls and floors).

Fig. 18. Example of a push-in connection
Connection with tension sleeve. With this mounting method, the PE-X pipe is expanded (calibrated) and the inner diameter of the fitting is not smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe. This is good because local pressure losses increase minimally. The seal on the fittings is usually without rubber o-rings, which guarantees a long, trouble-free service life. Thanks to the installation with special tools, this type of connection practically does not allow for errors by the installer.

Fig. 19. Example of installation of pipelines for heating and water supply using a tension sleeve

Advice to consumers – in addition to the conscious choice of materials for pipe systems, in order to avoid installation errors, the consequences of which will manifest themselves over time, you should use the services of professionals with skills, experience and necessary special tool.
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Thermal linear expansion of pipelines made of various materials. Elongation (“expansion”) of pipes when heated. Cast iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminum, metal-polymer, PP (PP), PVC, PE (PEX), polybutylene. Table.

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Navigation through the TehTab.ru directory: main page / / Technical information / / Equipment – standards, dimensions / / Pipeline elements. Flanges, threads, pipes, fittings…. / / Pipes, pipelines. Pipe diameters and other characteristics. / / Temperature linear expansion of pipelines made of various materials. Elongation (“expansion”) of pipes when heated. Cast iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminum, metal-polymer, PP (PP), PVC, PE (PEX), polybutylene. Table.

Temperature linear expansion of pipelines made of various materials. Elongation (“expansion”) of pipes when heated. Cast iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminum, metal-polymer, PP (PP), PVC, PE (PEX), polybutylene. Table.

For precise calculations, of course, more complex models should be used: (Coefficients of thermal expansion), but for practical purposes it is much more convenient to use an indicative plate:

Table. Practical values of thermal linear elongation of pipes made of various materials when heated by 50°C in the temperature range -50/+100 °C

Thermal linear elongation of pipelines made of various materials. Elongation (“expansion”) of pipes when heated. Cast iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminum, metal-polymer, PP (PP), PVC, PE (PEX), polybutylene. Table.

Pipe material
Linear extension per 100 linear meters of pipe when heated to 50°C

Cast iron 52 mm 5. 2 cm 0.052 m

Stainless steel 55 mm 5.5 cm 0.055 m

Carbon steel 58 mm 5.8 cm 0.058 m

Copper 85 mm 8.5 cm 0.085 m

Brass 95 mm 9.5 cm 0.095 m

Aluminum 115 mm 11.5 cm 0.115 m

Metal pipes 130 mm 13 cm 0.13 m

Polypropylene with aluminum 150 mm 15 cm 0. 15 m

Reinforced polypropylene 310 mm 31 cm 0.31 m

PVC (PVC) polyvinyl chloride 400 mm 40 cm 0.4 m

Polypropylene without reinforcement 650 mm 65 cm 0.65 m

Polybutylene (PB) 750 mm 75 cm 0.75 m

Polyethylene, PE, (PEX) 1000 mm 100 cm 1 m

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The revolution in plastic products – push fittings

Materials and technologies for plumbing systems have undergone significant changes over the years: with the transition from lead to copper in the early 19th century, and more recently with the development of plastic piping systems and push fittings.

However, the debate over whether to use plastic or copper pipes and fittings continues, with plumbers often making their choice out of habit rather than research evidence. Before the advent of plastic push fittings, connecting pipes in plumbing circuits was a long process and required a high level of skill and experience.

Minimum flexibility of traditional materials
The exact same push fitting technology is used in the fuel and brake fuel systems, as well as the suspension and steering systems of vehicles manufactured by Ford, Aston Martin, Porsche, Ferrari, Jaguar and BMW.

Soldering copper joints involved the use of numerous tools, including a blowtorch, heavy-duty pipe cutters, a soldering iron, sandpaper, rosin, etc. Not only did such an installation process require a high level of competence, but it was also very slow, created certain health risks for the plumber and provided a minimum of flexibility if changes to the system were required. Polybutene-1 flexible flat tubing and pipe-in-pipe systems offered by John Guest pair very well with push fittings and are a great alternative to using copper plumbing. As a result of the invention of push fittings, installation time has been reduced by 50%, and the dismantling and modification of the plumbing circuit has become easier than ever before.

Excellent indicators of durability, reliability and efficiency of push fittings are determined by serious engineering research. For example, the JG Speedfit push fitting looks much more complicated on the inside than you might imagine. Three elements define push fitting technology – a spring-loaded inner ring that increases the compression of the O-ring around the pipe, locking it in place, stainless steel teeth that provide a firm grip that keeps the pipe in place, and multiple O-rings that eliminate the risk of leakage.

The introduction of the push fitting concept to the British market was a breakthrough in the industry. Using push fittings to assemble a plumbing circuit is ideal for new build and refurbishment projects due to its flexibility, durability and ease of installation. In addition, polybutene-1 pipes offer the benefits of a completely improved installation and operational efficiency due to fewer joints due to the length of the pipes and the flexibility of the pipes, as well as the absence of scale in hard water and corrosion in soft water. Additional benefits are improved acoustic performance and water hammer protection.

Push fittings are also easily integrated into residential technologies, such as prefabricated houses or houses for assembly on site, where rapid system change is important, and efficient use of time is a must. Push fitting technology finds application in various industries. An interesting fact is that the same JG Speedfit push fitting concept that is used in modern plumbing circuits is used in fuel systems, as well as vacuum brakes, air suspension and low pressure power steering systems of some leading automotive brands, including Ford, Aston Martin, Porsche, Ferrari, Jaguar and BMW.

Simplified mounting
Push fitting technology has revolutionized the market, but it is not the only innovation that has had an impact on the manufacture of plumbing systems. The ever-increasing use of lighter and more flexible materials such as polybutene-1 makes it possible to install faster and easier with minimal environmental impact and greater efficiency.

It is important to consider the reliability of common plastic systems compared to copper alternatives in terms of water chemistry and microbiology variability over the last ten years. Certain changes in water chemistry, unrelated to drinking properties, pose a risk to copper fittings and pipes leading to severe leakage due to corrosion. Copper piping loops should last at least 25 years, but failures in the system can begin within a few years.

Pitting is a fairly common form of damage to copper pipes and can occur even months after installation. The main reason is damage to the protective film of the pipe, leading to through penetration of the surface.

Pitting
Pitting in the UK most commonly affects sections of the plumbing system where the temperature does not exceed 40°C (mostly cold water pipes with high velocity areas), where the supply water is hard, there is a lack of organic matter, and pH values are in within 7.0 – 8.2.

On the other hand, polybutene-1 plumbing circuits are resistant to such conditions. Such pipes have been proven by numerous tests to be well suited for sour service. The combined use of plastic push fittings and polybutene-1 tubing provides installation flexibility, system longevity, even with variability in microbiology in the water supply. It is important for installers to develop their own knowledge of current market trends, making choices not only based on familiar information, but also learning innovative methods to ensure maximum system efficiency and reliability.

www.johnguest.co.uk

John Guest is a PBPSA member company.

Edited content source: Heating & Plumbing Monthly (UK)

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PEX vs. Copper: Which Pipes are Right for My Home?

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Thermal linear expansion of pipelines made of various materials. Elongation (“expansion”) of pipes when heated. Cast iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminum, metal-polymer, PP (PP), PVC, PE (PEX), polybutylene. Table.

The revolution in plastic products – push fittings

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