Can i build an extension: Can I build an extension without permission?
Can I build an extension without permission?
Can I build a home extension without permission?
The short answer is no; at the very minimum, you will need to get building control approval so you can’t build your extension entirely without permission. However, it could be very straightforward to obtain and does not need to delay you getting started (see below). The other main approvals to consider are:
- planning
- freeholder consent
- party wall award
- covenants in the title to your property which may mean you will require someone else’s agreement
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To help you figure out what is applicable to you, let’s start with asking some questions…
Planning permission / Permitted development for a house extension
As mentioned above, you could build your extension without permission if your proposal falls within the permitted development guidelines. But first there are restrictions to consider:
1. Is your property a house?
Be aware that flats and maisonettes do not have permitted development rights, so you won’t be able to build your extension without permission.
2. Is your property listed or in a conservation area?
Or other ‘protected’ areas, including:
- National Parks
- Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
- the Norfolk or Suffolk Broads
- a World Heritage Site
If the answer is ‘yes’, you may not be able to take advantage of permitted development rights or they might be restricted. In particular, your permitted development rights might have been removed if there is an ‘Article 4’ direction for your property. Speak to your architect about this, or consult your local council directly.
3. Does your extension comply with permitted development rules?
To find out about the permitted development rules for extensions, see our article on ‘How big can I build an extension without planning permission?‘
Certificate of Lawful Development
If you want to be certain that your proposal falls within permitted development guidelines, you can apply for a certificate of lawful development.
This may come in useful when you come to sell your property, to show the buyer or buyer’s mortgage lender that your extension without planning permission was legal.
Building Control Approval for an extension
This one is a big yes; you will need building control approval for your home extension but it doesn’t need to delay your project and can be easy to obtain if you appoint the right professionals.
There are certain standards, set out by government, that all building projects must follow. There are a set of documents called ‘Approved Documents’ that act as a guide to achieving these standards.
We go into more detail into building control in this article, but basically you have three options on getting approval for your home project:
- A ‘building notice’ is where you/your builder gives notice to the council that works are about to start. This makes things much quicker, but there is more of a risk that you will be asked to change aspects of the design as you go.
Also, there is less scope for appealing their decisions. However, this route could be suitable for a simple house extension (especially if you have a good architect on board). - A ‘full plans’ application to the council means that you submit plans and details for approval before work starts. This information is usually much more detailed than a set of planning drawings. Once submitted, the decision takes a minimum of five weeks. Once work starts on site, regular inspections will be made.
- Using an ‘approved inspector’. An approved inspector is a private individual or organisation employed by you to ensure that your project complies with the building regulations. They will check and inspect the work instead of the local council.
Also, there is less scope for appealing their decisions. However, this route could be suitable for a simple house extension (especially if you have a good architect on board).
Freeholder consent for an extension and other permissions
You may require other consents before starting your work and you might want to check with your solicitor if you’re not clear on the answer to some of these questions:
Do you own the freehold?
If the answer is no, you will need to seek permission from your freeholder.
Can a freeholder refuse permission for an extension?
First of all, you will need to read your lease agreement carefully, and seek clarification from your solicitor if needed. Check that your lease covers the area you wish to extend onto. If you don’t own the land, expect to pay for it! They will probably start with getting a valuation for your property as it stands, calculate the uplift in value the extension will create and ask for a percentage of the profit you would make.
Even if you do own the space, you should expect to pay fees relating to gaining the consent. The freeholder is likely to appoint a solicitor and structural engineer to check that your proposals are structurally sound and you will be liable to cover the cost of these services.
Do the titles for your property include restrictions (restrictive covenants)?
Even if you do own the freehold to your property, you may be restricted or even prohibited from building an extension due to ‘restrictive covenants’.
These are often historical restrictions contained in the titles to the property, where the original developer or council restricted the owner doing certain things. These restrictions are passed down from owner to new owner and can be very archaic!
Prohibiting the alteration or extension to a property is a common one. Even if the council is the enforcer, do not assume that gaining planning permission removes this restriction.
Do you share a wall or fence with a neighbour?
Or even if you plan to excavate some ground near a neighbour’s property, you may need to have a Party Wall Award in place before starting work. You are legally obliged to give your neighbour 1-2 months’ notice (depending on what the works involve). If you’re unsure whether the Party Wall etc. Act applies to you, speak to your architect or find a Party Wall surveyor.
Above: Extension designs by Design for Me architects. Click on the image to view their profile and shortlist them for your project.
Finding the right architect
It’s likely that at least a couple of these permissions apply to you, and it can feel a little daunting if this is all new to you! A good architect will be able to help you navigate these issues and make the route as quick and smooth as possible. So, choosing the right architect for your home project is a critical first step but can also be a bit of a minefield. This is exactly why I set up this website in the first place!
As well as being founder of designforme.com, I am also a qualified architect. I found that many homeowners search online to find an architect and discover well established or high-end practices (it makes sense – these companies have bigger marketing budgets with stylish websites). However, such practices are often too busy, too expensive and, in fact, often less experienced in dealing with small residential projects on ‘normal’ budgets.
Consequently, I wanted to create this platform for those design professionals I know who are suitable, experienced and eager to take on domestic projects like yours.
They include small, young practices or freelancers. The problem was that, before Design for Me, they were very difficult to find! All you need to do is tell us a bit about your project…
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filed under Advice and tips, Extensions, Legal Considerations.
Can I Build an Extension Myself? When and When not to DIY
(Image credit: getty images)
No matter what your DIY skill level, it can be an attractive idea to undertake some of the manual labour for an extension to your home yourself.
Not only does it offer the opportunity to reduce costs, but given the shortage in skilled labour in the construction industry at present, it might even help your build cross the finish line sooner.
Realistically, if you’re thinking about building an extension entirely from scratch yourself, you’ll have a good idea as to whether you have the appropriate skills to do so already. However, it’s never been easier to learn new construction skills from the internet, and it’s certainly possible to learn the basics of a new technique in order to undertake it during your build.
But where is it worth focussing your energy when it comes to DIYing a home extension, if you’re not a builder by trade?
We asked one of Homebuilding & Renovating’s experts, chartered surveyor Ian Rock – who undertook a great deal of DIY on his own home extension, for his advice on the elements of an extension build you can tackle yourself if you’re a competent DIYer, scored on a scale of difficulty from 1 (the easiest) to 5 (the hardest), and which parts should be left to the professionals.
Will Your DIY be a Help or a Hinderance?
With all the best intentions, attempting to build any elements of an extension yourself may cause more problems than you solve. This not only comes to undertaking projects that go wrong, costing you extra to get a professional in to rectify, but also in messing up your extension’s timeline, hindering progress from professionals that may cause havoc later down the line.
“DIY often takes two or three times as long to complete as the same job done by specialist trades,” explains Ian Rock, “especially if you’re learning a new skill.” When fitting out the interior of his own extension, he found that the internal fit out took some two times longer than the professionals erecting and making the shell weathertight. Some of this comes down to inexperience, some to fitting in building around your other commitments.
“The danger is that slotting DIY activities between pre-booked trades with a tight build programme risks holding them up if the job turns out to take a bit longer (which it invariably does).
So you might end up paying them to sit around doing nothing, only to find they’re fully booked with other jobs for the next couple of months.”
Leave anything that’s seriously time-critical to the professionals, and give yourself jobs at the end of the project which will cause less impact on your tradespeople if they take longer to complete.
How to Build an Extension Yourself
If you’re armed with the skills to build your own extension, our video series with master builder Andy Stevens will walk you through the process of building an extension, from applying to building control through to the final coat of paint.
Groundworks and Main Shell
Difficulty level: 5
“The best advice is to leave construction of the main shell of your extension to your appointed contractor or trades. Groundwork for extensions needs to be done with accuracy and requires co-ordination with other trades as well as with building control,” explains Ian.
“There may also be hidden pipes and underground services to contend with.
Concreting the foundations is closely followed by construction of the ground floor, the main walls and the roof in rapid succession, with each individual stage tightly programmed. So with the best will in the world, input at these stages from enthusiastic amateurs can be counter-productive, and you should use professional groundworkers for this part of the build.”
Windows and Doors
(Image credit: getty images)
Difficulty level: 4
Installing standard windows and doors should be a reasonably straightforward exercise, although there’s often time pressure to get the extension weathertight and secure. Unlike fitting replacement windows where registered contractors (e.g. FENSA) are normally employed to self-certify that their installations adhere to current Building Regulations, with new extension installations the technical details should have already been submitted with your Building Regulations application, and there will also be ongoing site checks by building control officers.
Internal Joinery
(Image credit: getty images)
Difficulty level: 2
In general, it’s worth leaving the heavy-duty structural work to a professional builder, but it’s possible to take on the internal fit-out, including the likes of non-structural timber stud partition walls. “However there’s usually time pressure to get them built so the electricians can start running first fix cabling,” explains Ian, so consider your timings carefully.
Door linings are another DIY win, but will largely need to be installed before plasterboarding, while learning how to fit skirting boards and architraves are a few of the easiest DIY jobs to tackle
Electricity, Gas and Water
Difficulty level: 4
Most of the work involved in installing services to new extensions is not suitable for DIY.
“Anything involving gas must by law only be carried out by qualified registered Gas Safe installers, and installation or servicing of boilers and heating appliances of all types needs to be undertaken by qualified installers who as ‘competent persons’ can ‘self-certify’ their work for Building Regulations,” says Ian.
Likewise, new electrical work must comply with Part P of the Building Regulations which restricts the extent of DIY input. Electricians usually self-certify their installations for Building Regulations purposes.
If you have the skills to do so, elements you may be able to tackle yourself include the hot and cold water pipework, and even extending existing electrical circuits and installing new light fittings, but these shouldn’t be undertaken without expertise.
Insulation
Difficult level: 3
“There’s no specific trade whose job it is to fit insulation, so it’s not unknown for the work to get ‘delegated’ on site and done to a less than brilliant standard,” says Ian. “For this reason you can sometimes be better off fitting it yourself, although much depends on which part of the building’s ‘thermal envelope’ you’re dealing with.”
The likes of insulating cavity walls and ground floors should be tackled during the construction process, but there may be some areas that are better suited to DIY input that are worthwhile you learning how to insulate a wall.
However, the insulation considerations for an extension aren’t quite as simple as say insulating a loft, where the main consideration is unfurling rolls of mineral wool.
“Sloping ceilings are more challenging to insulate as they generally need rigid boards cut and placed between them, as well as lining underneath. This must be done with great accuracy, rigorously sealing any gaps and fitting vapour barriers, otherwise even the tiniest openings can allow humid air to penetrate the structure risking damp and rot.”
Drylining
(Image credit: getty images)
Difficulty level: 3
For a competent DIYer, installing plasterboard once the first fix electrics are in place is perfectly possible, but bear in mind that your plasterers will be eagerly awaiting you to finish this step.
“Although fixing bulky sheets of plasterboard to ceiling joists with drywall screws is more demanding physically,” says Ian, “it’s still a feasible job for the average DIYer to undertake, aided by a suitably motivated assistant and/or ‘dead man’ props to take the strain.
“
Plastering
(Image credit: David Snell)
Difficulty level: 5
Getting a good finish when plastering walls is a notoriously difficult task, and many builders are lucky to have a good plasterer on their books. While it’s possible to learn how to do it, your new extension might not be the best canvas for your first try.
“Alternatively, it’s now fairly standard in mainstream housing developments to cut out the plastering stage altogether, with the plasterboarded surfaces ‘taped and jointed’ to facilitate direct drywall decoration,” explains Ian.
Flooring
Difficulty level: 2
The construction of ground floors is not generally DIY-friendly because the insulation and screeding work tends to be very time-critical and needs to be co-ordinated with other trades, explains Ian.
However, installing floor coverings is something that many homeowners DIY themselves, even with little experience. It all comes down to the type of flooring you choose.
Laminate, vinyl and tiles are all easy enough to install, but something like polished concrete will need expert input.
Some components of underfloor heating installation can also be taken on on a DIY basis.
Fitting a Kitchen
(Image credit: getty images)
Difficulty level: 2
Fitting a kitchen is something that can be DIYed, especially when purchasing a flatpack kitchen from a supplier. Wood worktops are relatively easy to cut and install without professional tools and skills, however, natural stone and granite worktops will need to be templated and cut by the supplier.
“Fitting kitchens also requires basic plumbing and electrical skills for connecting sinks, lighting and extractor hoods, and so on. It also helps if your walls and floors are perfectly true and level,” says Ian.
Decorating
Difficulty level: 1
Painting a wall is within many people’s capabilities, even those with little experience in DIY.
If you’re looking to take on any work yourself, start here, but if you haven’t painted before, be sure to look for best practice advice to ensure you get a suitably good finish.
Hugh is Digital Editor of homebuilding.co.uk and has worked on a range of home, design and property magazines, including Grand Designs, Essential Kitchens, Bathrooms, Bedrooms and Good Homes. Hugh has developed a passion for modern architecture and green homes, and moonlights as an interior designer, having designed and managed projects ranging from single rooms to whole house renovations and large extensions. He’s currently renovating a Victorian terrace in Essex, DIYing as much of the work as possible. His current project is a kitchen renovation which involves knocking through walls and landscaping a courtyard garden.
Answered: Can you Extend a New Build? | 2021
October 27, 20210
A common mystery in the world of new builds is if you can or can’t extend them, and if so, what actually goes into the process.
In a nutshell, with the right planning permission and with the developer’s permission if required, you can absolutely extend a new build.
Sadly, it’s more complicated than most would like. Typically, new builds need the permission of the builder/developer before they can be extended until the house is 5-10-20 years of age. This is all down to the individual build and documentation, but it’s common in most new homes. Planning rights are almost always different too.
Let’s explain it more in-depth.
Developer Consent (Covenants)
The best place to start on the topic of if you can extend a new build is by looking into the developer or builder’s role in the process. Generally speaking, it is very common for any kind of major renovation like an extension to require the permission of the developer. This can come in all kinds of shapes and sizes. You’ll need to have written permission to be able to do the work if this is in the contract or covenants that you agreed to when signing the deed for the property.
Your solicitor should have covered all of this with you in-depth too before buying.
What can be even worse still is that in some cases, the developer will charge for this permission to be granted, too. That can be anything from hundreds to thousands of pounds (if they do charge, which not all do), and there’s nothing you can really do about it either.
Time Bounds
What can be good news however is that when this is the case, there can be a time limit on how long this permission is required before you can do it on your own accord in line with general planning permission only. Many of the covenants relevant to this will only be in place for a number of years after the sale of the property has taken place. Often that is 5-10, but it can be tens of years too depending on the individual covenant you agreed to. Make sure to check that out.
Planning Permission
Planning permission is the next major place to look into when learning if you can extend a new build. With any new build, whether you need developer permission or not to carry out an extension to a new build, you’ll need planning permission.
Getting it depends entirely on what you want, where you want it done, and the permissions the developer was given when they built it in the first place. Many people ask if they can use permitted development rights, but usually, sadly not. We’ll expand on that below.
So, what does need to happen? Well, that will usually look like a full householder planning application and the work that goes along with it. You’d need to get planning drawings done by an architectural professional, and then have this submitted to the local planning authority. They can approve or reject this or put in clauses that must be addressed in your drawings before they can be approved. Once they are approved, however, you’re all good to move on to the next step of the process. This is the best-case scenario.
Permitted Development
With many homes, you can use permitted development rights to undertake any work that you’d like done within a number of parameters. Typically, for example, you can extend up to 3 metres back as long as it isn’t encroaching neighbours or taking up more than half your garden without needing planning permission.
That’s just one example.
With new builds, however, these permitted development rights are stripped most of the time. It could be because of where the development is in terms of the area’s greenery, conservation status, the planning permission the developer was given, or any number of other things, but, commonly, you won’t be able to use them. This is something you should check however before going any further or speaking to a professional to check with you.
Extending Pre Purchase
Despite all of these stipulations and obstacles in place, there is still light at the end of the tunnel for many. One incredibly useful thing to know in this whole debate is that it’s very possible in many cases to extend a new build property before it is even built.
If applicable, you can often pay extra and have the developer extend the property for you. This is a highly interesting situation because if they do this, the situation is completely different. The extension becomes a part of the original property, and therefore, any further extension would be classed the same as any other.
If PD is available, this could lead to yet another extension all without the need for planning permission. That could be a real goldmine of potential for a buyer. If permitted development is not an option, planning is more likely still too.
Summary
All in all, you can extend a new build if you have the right permissions. You may need permission from the developer before you can do anything. To get that, they might charge you for it. You may be able to use permitted development rights, but you should check your deeds and make a permitted development enquiry to find this out. Lastly, you may need planning permission, which is always a possibility for any work carried out.
It’s always best to speak to an architectural professional regarding any kind of extension or planning enquiry, so why not make a completely free and impartial enquiry with the CK Team today?
Tags: Extension
How Close to My Boundary Can I Build an Extension?
There are a number of reasons to consider an extension if you’re looking to increase value, space or even add a bit of light.
If you’re interested in extending a property, it’s crucial that legal requirements are considered.
These legalities can include what type of property is in question, the surroundings and not to mention where the property is based. These are important factors as they play an essential role in whether the property can be extended and how far out you can build.
If you find yourself in need of expert advice, you can contact the Cornwall structural designers at Martin Perry Associates; we’d be happy to respond to any concerns and queries you may have.
In the meantime, we’ve decided to focus on a few factors to clear up any confusion. Here, we’ll be looking into how close you can build an extension to the property boundary.
What is a Boundary?
To start with, there are two types of boundaries. In English and Welsh property law, there are legal boundaries and physical boundaries.
The legal boundary is a line on the property plan or description of the area that divides one property or land from another.
The physical is much easier to determine as it is an object or barrier that separates the property from another. This can be a fence, wall or hedge.
Considerations Before Building an Extension
Although the space of an extension is always desirable, it’s worth noting a few factors before you start knocking down any walls.
Site Access
It sounds obvious but it’s easily overlooked. When the construction starts to take place, lorries and machinery will likely need to gain access to your site.
You’ll need to consider how they will be able to do this: where will they park, and where will they store their tools? This forward thinking will help avoid any inconvenient bumps along the road.
Shared Walls
You might be dreaming of your extension but you’re holding back because of the shared walls. If the property is a terrace or semi-detached, you are likely to find that you will need to comply with the Party Wall Act.
The construction work will need to comply with the Party Wall Act if:
- The work involves excavation within 3m of a party wall/party fence to a level below its foundations.
- The work consists of digging foundations within 6m of a party structure to a level below a 45° line from the base of its foundations.
The Act is in place to ensure any work undertaken by a neighbour doesn’t affect the structural integrity of the shared walls or neighbouring properties. It also aids in avoiding any future disputes between neighbours, if any should arise.
If any disputes do occur, the Act should help to effectively resolve them. You can find a helpful guide on the Party Wall Act on our website.
If you find yourself in need of a party wall agreement, then we recommend having a chat with your neighbours about it before you start posting any party wall agreements through your neighbour’s letterbox.
The Demand on Your Utilities
The electrics, plumbing, heating and gas may cope well with supplying enough utilities to meet the demands of the running property, but is it sufficient for an added extension?
To avoid this being a problem, you’ll want to give the current services a health check to ensure the extra demand will be met with ease.
Miscellaneous Factors
These may sound like small or inconvenient thoughts to think about, but they are just as vital when considering the possibility of an extension. These include:
- Ground conditions
- Obstructive trees
- A history of flooding
Ground conditions are important to ensure the structure is securely supported and the foundations are suitably designed.
Tree’s might sound a bit silly in comparison to other factors, but they can be an obstruction which causes issues down the line.
It’s never a bad idea to backtrack and read up on the history of the property, especially flooding. It’s best to be in the know and prepared for these factors as they can cause issues when building on the property.
How Close to the Boundary Can a Property be Extended?
The rules and regulations aren’t always user friendly in terms of understanding this information.
You cannot breach the boundary in the plan in elevation.
This includes the 45° rule that most planning officers abide by.
They will use the closest window to your house from your neighbours’ property to measure. If this breaches the legal boundary line, then planning permission can be rejected.
If there is no other house or estate on the land behind your property and you plan on building an extension that is more than one story, you will be restricted to 3m beyond the rear boundary.
Single story extensions that are built to the side of your property will have a maximum height of four metres and be no wider than half the width of the property.
If you are building a double extension, you will not be able to go any closer than 7m to the boundary line.
We hope you now have a better understanding of how close you can build to your boundary. For more information on extending your property, take a look at our blog that looks at how far you can build without permission.
Here at Martin Perry Associates, we offer structural designs for a range of property work such as loft conversions and extensions.
If you are looking for support, please don’t hesitate to contact us. You can call on 01579 345777 or email us at [email protected].
Home Extension Guide – How to Extend Your House
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Build It
Extending your home could add value and significantly improve your quality of life. Jennifer Grimble sets out where to start and the key things to consider
by Jen Grimble
2nd August 2022
Extending your house is a great way to add value while gaining the space you and your family need. In this guide, we set out how to plan, design and complete your ideal home extension.
The best approach on any home improvement project is to establish how your house could better meet your needs – so start by creating a wish list of your requirements.
“Think about your current space and what it’s missing,” says Charlie Mills from Oakwrights.
“Sketching out floor plans is an exciting task that can inspire you. Look at the new addition as a blank canvas and ignore what is already there, as it may obstruct great ideas.”
In terms of what’s possible, home extensions come in all shapes and sizes. The right style for you will be defined by the property, planning rules and your budget.
A single-storey extension is the most appealing option for many homeowners as it often has minimal impact on the existing house, at the same time as allowing you to greatly increase your interiors.
Extension Cost Guide
You can build out to the side, front or rear, but the most suitable location and size for your project will depend on how much external space is available.
If you have enough room and a suitable budget, then a double-height addition could be a value-for-money route to maximising space.
Adding living area over two storeys invites you to redefine the internal layout; so for it to be successful, you’ll need to consider how the floor plan upstairs can be rejigged to suit the extra zones.
“Think about how you can fit a new bedroom in without reducing the size of another room, and how you could accommodate a corridor space,” says Lui Rocca from Welsh Oak Frame.
Designing a Home Extension
After you’ve selected the best area of your house to build out from, you can get started on a design brief.
Your new space will impact significantly on the external appearance of your home, so getting the look right is critical.
When it comes to planning the addition, you can take on the job yourself, but many homeowners choose to employ an architect, designer or specialist company to work with them to turn initial ideas into illustrations and formal plans – more on working with a professional in the box opposite.
Do you want your extension to complement or contrast your current home? Incorporating an opposing material, such as oak, makes for a wow-factor finish, as this Oakwrights project proves. Photo: Lydia Harper
Here are the key considerations to have in mind that will allow you to come up with the most suitable proposal:
Budgets & Extension Costs
The amount of money you’ve got available to complete the project is an important factor, so make sure you know your limits.
Letting your design team know a realistic budget will help to ensure you get a scheme you can genuinely achieve – but remember that quality and value go hand-in-hand.
“You get what you pay for; it’s tempting to opt for the lowest prices, but this rarely gets you want you want,” says James Upton from Westbury Garden Rooms. “Don’t forget to incorporate groundwork costs into your budget.”
As a general guide, a basic extension could start from as little £1,200 per m2 – but this can easily rise to £2,500+ per m2 if you’re going for a high-spec design. Most people will budget in the region of £1,800-£2,000 per m2. Read more in our in-depth guide to extension costs.
EXPERT VIEW: Extension mistakes to avoidTo ensure your project has the best chance of success, Paul Fitzgerald from Hawksmoor Construction suggests you avoid these common extension mistakes:
Paul Fitzgerald is Managing Director of Hawksmoor Construction, which is an FMB member company specialising in quality high-end homes both in London and across the home counties. |
Then you can compare like-for-like quotes and ensure nothing has been missed out. If the details shared with each contractor vary or change, then the quotes and prices likely will too. And remember, cheapest is very rarely the best choice!
Don’t try to cut corners or save money by project managing things yourself if you don’t have the knowledge and time. This will expose you to unnecessary financial and liability risk, not to mention additional stress.Extension Size: How Big to Go
How big do you want your extension to be? Many people overestimate their needs.
“The addition should be in character with your existing house, so it’s important to avoid overdevelopment,” explains Ben Lee from Vita Architecture.
In order to work out how much you should extend by, consider how the space will be used as well as how it will interact with the main building and garden.
“Measure the largest room in your house to give yourself a realistic idea of the size you require,” says Lui Rocca.
Extension Layout & Flow
Whichever extension style you’re planning, it’s important to consider how you want your space to flow.
Will it link with your current home in an open-plan kitchen-diner, for instance, or are you after a more segmented arrangement with rooms designated for different uses? And how will the new space relate to the existing house?
An experienced architect or designer can help you to understand how different types of extension layout can benefit your lifestyle.
A low budget to extend this Edwardian mid terrace in London didn’t mean the homeowners had to skimp on style. Nimtim Architects used inexpensive materials to extend and radically alter the ground floor for a more family-friendly layout [Credit: Megan Taylor]
Natural Light in Home Extensions
Glazed doors, windows and rooflights play a vital role in the flow of natural light, but there are other tricks you can use, too.
Glazed internal partitions can increase brightness and allow you to borrow space from adjoining rooms, for instance.
“Extensively glazed extensions afford homeowners the opportunity to add ceiling height, incorporate feature windows and open up spaces,” says James Upton.
Remember, it’s all about what works for your needs: if you want privacy in some zones, solid doors will give you that (and help cut out excess noise transfer, too).
Future-Proofing your Extension
Consider how your household might want to use your extended home in the future – ideas that might work now may not be ideal in five years’ time.
“Architects can propose a design to meet current and prospective needs, balancing the conflicting desires of a family,” explains Nimi Attanayake from Nimtim Architects.
Extension Planning & Permitted Development
With any alterations to an existing residence, it’s important to understand if you need formal permission from your council’s planning department.
Learn more: Projects You Can Do Without Planning Permission
Your home extension may fall under permitted development (PD) rights, meaning a planning application is not required – but there are circumstances where these might not apply, so always check with your local authority before going ahead with work.
If you’re able to utilise full permitted development rights, then you’ll generally be able to:
- Build on up to 50% of your home’s existing land (within the confines of other PD limits).
- Extend up to the highest part of the roof.
- Build out by 4m or 3m on an detached/attached dwelling (currently 8m or 6m retrospectively in England).
- Create a side extension on a single-storey with a height of 4m and a width up to half that of the original house.
- Put windows on upper floors of side elevations as long as they’re obscure-glazed and non-opening.
Listed Building Consent
Permitted development rights don’t apply to listed buildings or designated regions, such as areas of outstanding natural beauty or conservation areas.
Learn more: Understanding the Planning Changes for Extensions in England
It’s against the law to alter a protected property without the appropriate consents. Any home improvement schemes will probably need to be sympathetic to the original building and require careful planning and well-considered materials.
Multi-Storey Extensions
It is possible to build a two-storey addition under permitted development rules; however, chances are you’ll need formal planning permission.
To be allowed under PD, the eaves and ridge height of the addition must be no taller than that of the existing building. The roof pitch should also match.
If you’re extending to the side, remember that the addition will be partly visible from the road, so your design should be sensitive.
Party Wall Act
If you’re planning to work on walls that you share with neighbouring properties, or building close to an adjacent boundary, you’ll need to make sure you comply with the Party Wall Act.
This legislation aims to prevent and resolve disputes.
This means letting your neighbours know of your intention to extend, and how the work will be done. A party wall surveyor may need to resolve any disagreements and set parameters to protect neighbours’ property.
Building Regulations for Extensions
Even if planning consent is not needed, the work must still comply with Building Regulations.
You can either send your local council a full plan submission (best for high-value schemes), which the authority will then check against the current guidelines, or a building notice of your intent to start. The work will be inspected at key stages.
EXPERT VIEW: The Benefits of Channeling Natural Light from AbovePeter Daniel, product innovation director at the Rooflight Company, gives his top three tips for maximising natural light in an extension
Visit the Rooflight Company to learn more about how to maximise light in your extension. |
You should aim for about 25% window to square footage. The problem with extensions is there’s only so much space on the exterior wall, which is why rooflights are ideal in this scenario.
Building Your House Extension
Before work starts, you’ll need to find a suitable contractor. Put your plans out to tender by contacting several firms for quotes ahead of selecting the right team for the job:
Get a Contract with Your Builder
Agree pricing in advance and draw up a contract so that everyone knows what is expected of them and when – this is your security blanket should disagreements arise.
Your contractor should also provide you with details of what is covered within your defects liability period, along with a timescale for snagging (post-completion fixes).
Access to Site
Logistics can be complicated when you’re dealing with an existing building – especially if you’re extending to the rear of a terraced house.
Consider how windows and doors will play a role in your extension. Yellow Cloud Studio used extensive glazing in this project to fill the property with natural illumination and allow for clear views out to the garden
Your contractors will need to get to and from the building zone, as well as park vehicles and machinery near your house.
You may need to provide parking on your land, especially if there is only limited off-street parking nearby – or this zone may need to be dedicated to materials deliveries.
If you’re working upstairs, materials will be carried through your home, so talk to your contractor about minimising mess by sealing off rooms, using protective sheets and providing welfare facilities.
Project Managing an Extension
Whatever type of extension you’re doing, someone will need to oversee the works. The role of project manager generally involves:
- Organising who’s coming onto site and when.
- Keeping on top of budgeting and what’s being spent.
- Scheduling and checking materials deliveries.
- Ensuring work is progressing to the quality and schedule that you’re expecting.
- Responsibility for health and safety on site.
There’s a lot to stay on top of, so if you don’t have enough experience or time to commit to the job, it’s worth considering bringing in a professional or using a general contractor.
Who can Design Your New Home Extension?
If you’re planning to work with a professional, seek recommendations from neighbours and friends and browse completed projects online to find the designer that best suits your style.
Take into account finishing materials as this may impact on whether you need to work with a specialist.
For instance, if you want an oak frame structure, then you’re best to choose a firm that’s experienced with this construction method.
Find a specialist designer for your home extension
Architects & Designers
Deciding to come up with your own extension plans without help from a professional might seem like a good cost-cutting exercise, but don’t underestimate the skills and knowledge a designer can offer.
There’s flexibility in terms of how much you want to involve them – for instance, they can just draw up the plans or apply to planning on your behalf, or source contractors and project manage, if that’s something they offer.
“Create a brief your designer can work with, so they can efficiently balance your requirements,” says Nimi Attanayake. “Collaborate with your architect and contribute your ideas.” Visit the Royal Institute of British Architect’s (RIBA) website for a list of chartered professionals in your area.
Specialist Extension Companies
Design and build firms can offer a hassle-free route to an extension. They can provide design, project management and builders, so as much or as little as you like is taken care of.
“One advantage of such firms is that costs are provided in advance, so you never make decisions without knowing a price tag,” explains Lui Rocca.
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QUICK GUIDE How Build Route Affects Extension Costs Build Route A: Main contractor – standard optionThe figures in our benchmark cost table are based on a main contractor route, where a general building firm manages the project to completion on your behalf, using a standard contract. Build Route B: Builder plus subcontractors – potential saving 10%You could potentially reduce build costs by circa 10% by hiring a main contractor to complete the structure to watertight stage. At this point you take over from the main contractor as a project manager and the remaining work is undertaken by subcontractors (individual trades), whom you manage through to project completion. Build Route C: Self project managed – potential saving 20%By project managing the entire scheme yourself, including the main structural phase, you could knock up to 20% off total build costs. This route doesn’t involve undertaking any construction works yourself, but rather fully managing the subcontractors on a DIY basis. So you are both client and building contractor, hiring trades and supplying plant, machinery, tools and most of the materials. Build Route D: DIY – potential saving 25%Undertaking a large proportion of the build on a DIY basis could enable you to reduce project costs by as much as a quarter. This route assumes you’ll use trades for the key structural and infrastructure works, but will carry out much of the second fix tasks, landscaping, general labouring, decorating, tiling etc yourself. You will also be project manager, buying most of the materials and supplying all tools, plant, scaffold etc. |
You can bring prices down by taking on more of the responsibility yourself. Here are typical indicative savings for other popular build routes:
You will need to be confident that you can keep the works on schedule to meet your budget.Insuring Your Extension Project
When you undertake a big home improvement scheme, you should always inform your insurance provider of your intentions. Ask whether your current policy will cover any possible damage during the extension works (whether to the new or existing structures).
If not, it’s sensible to purchase a separate extension insurance package to protect your house and possessions for the duration of the build.
Well-known providers include Protek and Self-Build Zone.
Main image: Fraser Marr
This article was first published in February 2021, and was last updated on 2nd August 2022
Photography
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Published
2nd August 2022
How close to my boundary can I build an extension?
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Sean Payne
designed by Architect Mark Titman
When considering the size of an extension, two main concerns come to mind. One is rules over permitted development and planning. The other is how close the extension comes to a boundary. Depending on your property and where you are located, different rules and procedures will be beneficial to your home extension plans.
We’ve outlined the important things to know when your extension is close to a boundary.
If a party wall agreement can be agreed with your neighbour the following diagram shows how your extension can end on the boundary
We share a boundary with neighbours, how close can we build?
In common cases your property will share boundaries with immediate neighbours on one or both sides. In this case you can normally have the following options:
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Build up to 50mm from the neighbouring boundary under permitted development or with planning permission. This option is useful where a party wall agreement may be difficult with your neighbours and a lengthy party wall ordeal is not wanted.
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Build on the boundary line and obtain a party wall agreement with your neighbour. This will give you the maximum amount of space and is the best option if your neighbour is willing to agree to a party wall agreement, or even if your neighbour is planning an extension themselves, in which case this party wall can be shared.
If a party wall agreement proves difficult or impossible, moving the external face of the extension 50mm away from the boundary line can be a good compromise.
Other scenarios to be aware of
It is important to consider other potential challenges when building close to the boundary, such as overshadowing and overbearing of the new proposal. Sometimes it may even be more useful to leave more space from the boundary for external access to the garden. Bear this in mind and remember bigger doesn’t always mean better! We have lots of other posts on this website to help you with extension ideas for semi detached houses and an ultimate guide to rear extensions.
The extension finish can run flush with the external wall as shown in this diagram.
We share a boundary with the street, how close can we build?
End of terrace housing and properties which share a boundary with the street do have precedent for building on the boundary, often flush with the exterior wall of the existing house.
Check your neighbourhood to see if a precedent has been set.
We are in a conservation area, what do we need to know?
Conservation areas are in most cases stricter on all forms of proposed building. Every conservation area is different and should be considered in isolation when looking at precedent however, established norms include:
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An extension on a boundary line with a neighbour (with a party wall agreement) is possible. Note you will need to gain planning permission for your extension.
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An extension on a boundary line with a public road will be difficult, the design will normally need to follow the local character of the conservation area through materials and style.
Credit @SeanPayneArchDesign
With any development in the green belt, it is important to be sympathetic to the surroundings, using treelines on the boundary as shown here can make the project more appealing at planning.
We are planning a large extension on our property in the green belt, is our situation different?
An extension within the greenbelt will need to be below the accepted additional volume as established by your local council. In addition, building up to boundaries in these areas is a little more complex than those previously mentioned. For an extension in the green belt consider the following:
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The extension will normally need to be set back from the boundary
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The extension will normally need to be hidden from view to passers by and neighbours.
Exceptions do exist for these rules in exceptional circumstances. Be sure to check with your council with a pre-app and local precedent in your area.
Our Property Is A Listed Building, How Are We Affected?
Grade II, II* and I listed buildings will be under even stricter rules. In most cases it is important to request pre-app advice from your local council, particularly if precedent hasn’t been set elsewhere.
Credit @Scenario Architecture
If a party wall agreement cannot be achieved, worry not, clever uses for boundary areas can be created such as a cat corridor in this quirky extension.
My Neighbours Refuse To Agree To My Extension On Our Shared Boundary, What Can I Do?
In the unfortunate event of neighbourly disagreements over a party wall agreement, disputes can quickly become time-consuming and expensive. The full process cannot be explained fully in this article but first steps that can be made include:
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Proceed with a party wall surveyor to determine an agreement, failure of agreement at this stage can result in client and neighbour appointed party wall surveyors being arbitrated by the main surveyor to reach an agreement. That’s right, you could be paying for up to 3 party wall surveyors time in the worst case scenario!
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Build away from the boundary enough not to trigger the party wall requirement.
Neighbourhood Diplomacy Is Key!
In conclusion, it is likely that your immediate neighbours will be the deciding factor as to whether you can maximize the size of your extension up to and including the boundaries. For this reason and with the project in general. It can be a good idea to develop a good relationship with your neighbour and mention your plans ahead of time to gain their support.
Get further support with your renovation project!
Neil & Fi have produced a free Survivor’s Guide to Renovating guide for first time renovators who are unsure about budgets, order of events and how to hire the right trades.
Download our free guide today and give your renovation a head start.
Can I build a 2 storey extension?
Two-story extensions must be no more than seven meters to the rear. If it is closer than seven meters to the rear boundary, you will need planning permission for the extension.
The materials used for the extension must be identical in appearance to the existing house.
how much will it cost to build a two-story extension?
The average cost of a double storey extension varies by UK location, ranging from £1,500 to £2,500 per sq. m. In London, the average cost excluding the finish line is higher, with figures ranging from £1,800 to £2,800 per square meter for building costs.
How close to the border can I build a two-story extension?
For those who build a double extension on their property, you cannot go to the border. Any roof pitch that is higher than one story must match the existing pitch on the property. With development enabled, you cannot add balconies, raised platforms, or verandas.
Can my neighbor build directly on my border?
In general, your neighbor is only allowed to accumulate up to the boundary line (connection line) between two properties , but there are circumstances where they can legally build on your land.
You can give consent for them to build a new party and foundations on your land.
How close can my neighbor build to my border?
How close to my border can my neighbor build? Single story plot extensions towards your property no more than four meters high and no wider than half the property’s original size. For those who are building a double extension on their property, you cannot get closer than seven meters to the boundary.
Is it cheaper to add a second story or build?
When building a new building, building with a two-story house is cheaper than building. When renovating, building with a one-story addition is cheaper than adding a second story to an existing dwelling.
What is the 45 degree rule?
The 45 Degree Rule is a general guideline used by local planning authorities to determine the impact of a housing development proposal on sunlight and daylight on neighboring properties. On the contrary, the sun is higher in summer and our days are longer.
…
how much does it cost to extend one floor?
Single storey – A single storey extension in London typically costs between £2,000 and £3,000 per sqm. M (£185 and £280 per square foot). 2000 pounds per sq.
How much does a 2 storey extension cost in the UK?
On average a 40m two-story extension can cost between â€48,000 and £76,000 if you work on a budget, or between £80,000 and £88,000 Your budget is more flexible.
What is the maximum size you can build without planning permission?
Permitted development rules have been relaxed, allowing you to create an extension without planning permission up to six meters (or eight meters if your house is suspended).
How long does a two-story extension take to build?
For a relatively simple, three meter, single rear extension, construction time should be about three to four months. For a larger or double height rear extension, this might be more like a six months .
How can I expand my house cheaply?
Do it yourself where possible. DIY projects can save you a kit when you build home extensions. Some of the best DIY House cash saving projects include painting, slab work, some flooring installation, adding a window bench seat or cabinet installation and repair work.
What size extension can I build without planning?
Without neighbor planning or permission, extensions on a terraced or semi-open residential property must be over 4 meters high, no more than 3 meters and must be single storey.
Can I renew my house if it has already been extended?
There is no set number of extensions you can make . If your home already has an extension, you can enlarge that extension by extending it further, or tear it down and restore it to a different shape or size. …
Can you block the neighbors window?
You can block the neighbor’s window. Investing in landscaping options such as trees or tall shrubs, building between homes, or adding window treatments to the inside of a home are viable options when blocking a neighbor’s window.
does my neighbor have a right to electricity?
Pursuant to the Rights of the World Act 1959 (Rola 1959), a neighbor may grant this right to another neighbor, or it may be acquired over time . For example, if a property has received daylight for at least the past 20 years, you are entitled to continue to receive that light.
Will the neighborhood extensions of my house succeed?
No, You cannot sue your neighbor if your property’s value decreases after they created the extension. You may be able to file a complaint with your local council if you think the work has not been completed in accordance with the latest building regulations.
Can my foundation support the second story?
The truth is that most bases for one-sided houses are not strengthened enough to support the weight of the second story , but there are ways to fix this. This is where the services of an engineer are required.
How difficult is it to add a second story?
Dear Maria: It’s not too difficult to add a second story to a house.
… They should be able to tell you if you are allowed to add a second story. Ask them about the overall height of the structure. Many building and zoning codes only allow for the top of a structure so many feet above grade level.
Should I wear a second floor?
While renovations don’t come cheap, no matter what room of your home or the size of the project you decide, it’s a good way to add value to a property. The family home tells us that “’s second reference expansion (or adding a first floor) is worth the effort because it transforms your home and adds more space to .
Do you have to notify your neighbors for permission to expand?
The technical term for this is called Service Notice . In short, if you want to make your house bigger and tie into (or be in close proximity to) another property, you will most likely need to notify your neighbor of your expansion.
Can my neighbor remove the boundary fence?
If it belongs to your neighbor, they are completely within their rights to do whatever they want with said fence .
If, however, you are the owner of the fence, then no one outside of you has the right to do anything on your fence without your permission.
Is there a limit to creating an extension?
extension. they no longer have a time limit to finish building . It also means councils can restart new applications for this kind of household development.
What kind of permits the owner of the land does not need to build a house
A citizen was going to build a house on her own plot, but such permission was denied to her. The stubborn owner started building the house anyway. Officials called the house in the lawsuit an “unauthorized construction” and asked to be demolished. The district court denied such a decision to the officials, but the regional court did not agree with his colleagues, deciding that the house should be demolished.
The defendant appealed to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Supreme Court decided that the demands of the citizen were just.
The dispute began with a lawsuit filed by Krasnodar officials with a request to demolish a house built without a permit. But the defendant filed a counterclaim to the demands of the officials, in which she stated that she was the owner of the site, and the house built on it does not violate the intended use of the land, does not violate anyone’s rights, does not endanger the lives of others and meets all sanitary, building and fire safety standards. Therefore, she sees no reason to demolish the house, but asks to recognize her ownership of the house. In the lawsuit, the citizen emphasized that she had asked for a building permit, but had not been given one.
The Prikubansky District Court considered the lawsuit of officials and the counterclaim of the hostess of the house and decided to refuse both.
The Krasnodar Regional Court did not agree with the district court’s decision. And, having canceled it, he made a new decision, agreeing with the demand of the officials.
But such a verdict did not suit the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. And he explained what violations were committed in the consideration of this dispute. The plot of our heroine was in her property, had a cadastral number. The category of the site is the land of settlements, the permitted use is for the construction of residential buildings. The administration of one of the districts of Krasnodar refused to give the owner of the land permission to build a house. There was an on-site inspection of compliance with land legislation by the city administration. The audit showed that a residential building is being built on the site of our heroine without a building permit. The commission drew up a protocol on bringing a citizen to administrative responsibility.
According to the conclusion of the forensic examination, the constructed object is a residential building and complies with building and environmental standards, as well as fire safety requirements. And it was also said there that the rules for land use and development “have not been violated at the disputed object of construction in progress.”
The District Court, refusing officials, proceeded from the fact that the citizen built a house on her plot and did not violate any norms, rules, laws. Denying the counterclaim to the developer, the district court emphasized that there was no building permit, but the lady did not take steps to legalize the building.
The regional court, when it overturned the district court’s decision and made a new decision, said that the owner of the site did not provide evidence that she was challenging the refusal of local officials to allow construction. Therefore, “the structure being erected has signs of an unauthorized structure, which is subject to demolition by the person who carried it out and at his expense.
” The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation did not agree with this conclusion.
He started with Article 222 of the Civil Code, which explains what “unauthorized construction” is. This name refers to a building or structure built on a site not provided for construction, and erected without permits in violation of the rules and regulations. The same article says that the right of ownership to an unauthorized building can be recognized by the court, but only if the property is the site on which “the building was created.” But for recognition of ownership of a house without a permit, several conditions must be met.
First, if the developer has rights to the land on which the building stands. The second – if on the day of applying to the court the building complies with the parameters “established by the documentation on the planning of territories, the rules of land use and development.” Third – if the preservation of the building does not violate the rights and interests of other people and does not endanger life.
There was a joint resolution of the Plenums of the Supreme and Arbitration Courts (N10/22 of April 29, 2010) which dealt with disputes over property rights. At the plenums, the following was stated: when considering claims for recognition of the right of ownership of an unauthorized construction, the courts should establish whether during the construction “significant violations of urban planning and building norms and rules were made, whether such a construction creates a threat to the life and health of citizens.” And the main idea – the lack of a building permit cannot serve as a basis for refusing a claim for recognition of ownership of an unauthorized building. The materials of the plenums emphasize: it is necessary to take into account whether the creator of the illegal building took “appropriate measures” to legalize it, in particular, to obtain a building permit or an act of putting the object into operation. And the courts must also find out whether the officials lawfully denied the citizen permission or commissioning.
A claim for recognition of the right of ownership of an unauthorized construction is subject to satisfaction if the court establishes that the only sign of an illegal construction was the absence of a construction permit or an act of putting the facility into operation, and the citizen tried to do so.
In our case, the court found that the citizen built a house on her own land and did not violate any norms and rules, and her house did not pose a threat to anyone. The Supreme Court emphasized that the absence of a building permit in itself cannot serve as grounds for dismissing a claim for recognition of ownership of an unfinished construction project. These circumstances were not taken into account by the appeal. This ultimately led to an unlawful decision by the court.
Legal advice
On the land plot there is a utility block and a barn, connected by an open veranda – up to 50 sq. m, all without a foundation. The tax authorities and the property committee qualify these buildings as capital construction projects.
Are these buildings classified as real estate subject to mandatory registration?
Larisa, Khimki
According to the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, a capital construction object is a building, structure, structure, objects, the construction of which has not been completed, with the exception of non-capital buildings, structures and inseparable improvements to the land plot, and non-capital buildings are buildings structures that do not have a strong connection with the ground and whose design characteristics allow for their movement, dismantling and subsequent assembly without disproportionate damage to the purpose and without changing the characteristics. Thus, the criterion for classifying an object as capital / non-capital is its design features, namely the presence of a foundation, load-bearing and enclosing structures.
If there is a dispute with state authorities about classifying an object as capital and putting it on the appropriate register, it is possible to conduct an examination, for the resolution of which it is possible to raise questions about the inextricable connection between the building and the land, as well as the possibility of moving without disproportionate damage to the purpose of the building.
As the tax authorities explain, buildings such as utility blocks, sheds, non-capital buildings are not subject to taxation.
More information on topical issues – in the heading “Legal advice”.
Coordination of the construction of a private house on the territory near the airport with the Federal Air Transport Agency
I want to build a cottage near Vnukovo Airport. The neighbors said that the construction should be coordinated with the Federal Air Transport Agency. I tried to find information on the Internet, but could not figure it out.
Some lawyers write that approval is not necessary, while others say that it is. Some write that the consent must be obtained from the head of the airport, others – from the owner of the airfield, still others – from the Ministry of Industry. Who is right?
It would be great if you understood the situation and covered it in more detail.
Anonymous
You will definitely need to notify the local administration about the construction of a private house: all procedures and formalities are described in Art.
51 and 51.1 of the urban planning code. These articles do not say anything about coordinating with the Federal Air Transport Agency, so many lawyers think that it is not necessary to coordinate anything with them, but everything is not so simple.
Alexey Kabluchkov
lawyer
Author profile
Sometimes the norms of one law contradict the norms of another, let’s take it all in order.
What is an airfield area
There are many different nuances with the use of areas around airfields. For example, trash bins should not be installed near the airfield: they attract birds that can interfere with aircraft flights. On the other hand, noise from airplanes is harmful to people’s health, so it is also impossible to build a private house right next to an airfield.
Such territories with a special procedure for use are called aerodrome territories.
clause 2 of the Government Decree dated March 11, 2010 No.
138
If the site is located on the aerodrome territory, this will be indicated in the column “Special Marks” of the extract:
Also, the aerodrome territories are indicated on the websites of state bodies. If the airfield is civilian, look for information about it on the website of the Federal Air Transport Agency, if it is a military one, on the website of the Ministry of Defense. There are also airfields for aircraft factories and scientific laboratories, their airfield territories are indicated on the website of the Ministry of Industry.
The aerodrome area of the Voronezh airfield Chertovitskoye within a radius of 30 km from the airport
Previously, the general rule was in effect: the aerodrome area recognized the take-off and landing zone of aircraft, as well as land within a radius of 30 km from the aerodrome.
Now the boundaries of the aerodrome territories have been divided into seven zones. Land use rules are specified for each aerodrome depending on its characteristics.
Government Decree No. 1460 of December 2, 2017
Zones 1 and 2 can only accommodate airfield infrastructure facilities: the airport building, runways, control tower, apron and aircraft parking areas.
Part 3 47 VZK RF
In the 3rd zone, object height restrictions apply, while each airfield has its own restrictions. As a rule, buildings above 50 m must be coordinated, but there may be other subtleties.
p. 8.23 of SP 42.13330.2011
In zones 4 and 5, objects that interfere with aircraft navigation or threaten the safety of the airfield cannot be placed: communication lines and power lines, television and radio stations, gas combustion devices and other explosive objects.
In zone 6 it is forbidden to place objects that attract birds: garbage dumps, farms and slaughterhouses. Finally, it is not recommended to build buildings in zone 7 due to noise, harmful emissions into the air and electromagnetic radiation.
Considering your case, there are restrictions on the construction of private residential buildings in zones 3 and 7.
You can build in zone 3 if the height of the house does not interfere with flights, and in zone 7 if flights do not harm the health of residents. Living close to an airfield can be dangerous: aircraft noise increases the risk of stroke, electromagnetic radiation provokes headaches and heart problems, and emissions of harmful substances cause throat and lung diseases.
How dangerous is it to live near the airport
Who approves the construction
Until 2014, construction in the aerodrome area had to be coordinated with the head of the aerodrome. But the Supreme Court overturned this rule due to the fact that it was contrary to the air code.
Decision of the Supreme Court of January 23, 2014 No. AKPI13-1080
The Air Code contained article 46, according to which it was necessary to coordinate the construction with the owner of the airport. Many owners had a common business with large developers, so the article was canceled so that it would not be abused.
The authorities will toughen the development of airport territories
Now the government has instructed airfields to develop clear rules on what and where can be built on their airport territories. This process has just begun, for example, the Vnukovo airfield reported that it was still preparing a corresponding project.
Most aerodromes have preliminary information about the area around the aerodrome they need. When the final decision is made, this territory may increase or, conversely, decrease.
Before the final decision is made, the construction must be coordinated with the authority in whose department the aerodrome is located. If we have civilian airfields, we need to coordinate with the Federal Air Transport Agency, if military airfields – with the Ministry of Defense, and if experimental aviation airfields – with the Ministry of Industry.
Part 3 Art. 4 of Law 135-FZ
Government Decree No. 1055
dated August 31, 2017 The Federal Air Transport Agency has developed an approval procedure. It’s free. If such approval is not obtained, then the courts will recognize the construction as illegal. I’ll tell you what happens with examples.
Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated July 20, 2017 No. 18-KG17-29
One resident of Voronezh wanted to build a house on his plot not far from the airfield. He collected all the documents, with the exception of the consent of the Federal Air Transport Agency. But without this consent, the local administration refused to recognize the construction of the house as legal.
Cassation ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 14-KG18-21 dated August 23, 2018
Government Decree No. 1055 dated August 31, 2017
A citizen went to court and first won it. According to the court of first instance, the urban planning code does not say anything about the consent of the Federal Air Transport Agency and, therefore, it is not necessary to obtain it. The higher Voronezh Regional Court agreed with this decision.
Both courts were corrected by the Supreme Court: the requirements of the air legislation must also be taken into account by local administrations when considering construction documents. Therefore, the project must be coordinated with the Federal Air Transport Agency.
If you are delayed approval or denied unreasonably, you can go to court. So, one construction company managed to win a lawsuit with the administration of Arkhangelsk.
Decision No. A05-12445/2018 dated December 28, 2018
The developer could not get consent from the Ministry of Defense in any way, and because of this, the administration did not provide a building permit. The court decided that a low-rise residential building would not interfere with the airfield and that the construction site should not be idle due to the fact that the airfield area has not yet been established.
When the construction does not need to be approved
In theory, after the final decision on the aerodrome area, everything should be simpler and clearer.
It will be decided where it is possible to freely build houses, where they cannot be built in principle, and where it is possible, but not above a certain height and number of storeys. Therefore, additional coordination with the authorities is not required.
What to do? 07/16/19
I want to take a loan secured by land, but the state is going to withdraw it
In practice, problems still arise: orders to establish airfield territories are published without any specifics, and all information is contained in annexes to orders that are not publicly available.
Orders on the establishment of an aerodrome territory do not contain any specifics. Information must be requested from Rosreestr
For some airfields, clarifications have already appeared in which cases it is not necessary to coordinate the construction of a house. For example, in the Perm Territory there is the Bolshoye Savino airfield, in the airfield zone of which only the construction of landfills, farms, slaughterhouses and other facilities where there are many birds is prohibited.
The local administration reported that it is possible to build ordinary residential buildings in the airfield area and no additional approvals are required.
Information from the website of the Savinsky rural settlement
If the airfield has ceased to function and is excluded from the registers of civil or experimental aviation airfields, then nothing needs to be coordinated with the authorities.
paragraph 14 of the rules for establishing the aerodrome area
Here is another example. A resident of the Rostov region wanted to build a house on the territory near the airfield. He did not receive the consent of the Federal Air Transport Agency, and the local administration recognized the construction as illegal. But the court decided otherwise: the airfield was no longer working, which means that it was not necessary to obtain the consent of the Federal Air Transport Agency.
Determination of the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Rostov Regional Court dated December 11, 2018 No. 33-21866/2018
What to do in your situation
I advise you to do this:
- Get an extract from your land plot for. In the “Special marks” column, check if the site is located on the Vnukovo airfield area. Also look in the statement for current construction restrictions.
- If the site is located near the airfield, contact the Federal Air Transport Agency and clarify the need for construction approval.
- If the Federal Air Transport Agency refuses or delays approval, you can challenge its actions in court.
What to do? 06/05/19
Can the state take land from the owner for the construction of a highway
We have more materials that may be useful when building a house:
- Country amnesty — 2019
- How to get a tax deduction for building a house
If you have a question about personal finance, rights and laws, health or education, write. The most interesting questions will be answered by the experts of the magazine.
Ask a Question
Mobile Chrome Extensions
Picture of Androidcentral.com
Browser extensions, if it is built on the Chromium software engine, are a whole world of tools and nice little things that can make the user’s life easier and more comfortable. Extensions can remove the language barrier, provide menus for additional actions, insert schedules, alarm clocks, and more, which ultimately turns the browser into a kind of specialized operating system. But all this will not work in the proprietary Chrome application, because Google simply does not want it. Also the other day I came across a good article on this topic, I quote it in full, and then I propose to discuss it.
Original article by Jerry Hildenbrand (androidcentral)
Almost all smartphone users use Google Chrome as their primary web browser. Yes, I know a lot of people who don’t, and I’ve used different browsers myself from time to time, but the bottom line remains the same: Chrome is the world’s leading browser for both desktop and mobile, making it the most widely used web browser. browser for android.
The main reason for this state of affairs is that it is installed by default. If you decide to buy the best Android smartphone, after the first turn on, you will see the Chrome icon in the center of the desktop. You immediately understand that a small multi-colored ball is designed for browsing the web. But it’s also true that Chrome is a decent web browser in its own right and has a good set of features, with some of the best data security features in the industry. (Remember that there is a difference between security and privacy, so don’t “hate” me!)
However, a lot of people, myself included, have one big problem when it comes to Chrome on Android, and that is the lack of support for extensions. There are plenty of other browsers, even those built on the Chromium source code, that support extensions, so why can’t Chrome? Google support won’t help, because if you ask it, you’ll get the same answer that the Chrome team put in the Developer FAQ:
Chrome apps and extensions are not currently supported on Chrome for Android.
We do not plan to announce support for extensions in the future.
This is useless information. We know they are not supported, but we would like to know why they are not supported.
Comparison of the capabilities of various extensions – ad blockers. The comments under the video are also interesting.
Chrome’s ad-blocking software won’t harm Google’s mobile business. This can make life difficult for individual websites that rely on ad revenue, but Android is an app-driven ecosystem. Google can gather more than enough data about you and your habits across all the apps you use, so not having more data through Chrome won’t really impact Google’s business that much.
Android’s permission and file access rules are a bit confusing, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t a safe way to enable browser extension support. It just means that there are two ways to do it – right and wrong. Most web browsers that include extensions are probably doing it wrong. I say “probably” because there isn’t much documentation about the private APIs that extensions can use, or how the permissions model for extensions fits into the Android operating system’s general permissions. However, one company does it right and takes the time to fully document everything, and that’s Mozilla.
Firefox for Android is not the best browser. I hate to say this as much as many of you hate to hear it, but it’s true. Firefox uses its own rendering engine, so the website display can be a little “wobbly”, the app can run slowly, and its settings are just as confusing as Chrome’s settings. But Firefox does include extensions safely and thoughtfully.
A browser extension cannot affect the operating system in the same way as the browser itself. Browsers use the same Android OS permission model as games. If you deny Firefox access to your files and folders, the meme search and save extension won’t work because it can’t access anything other than Firefox’s personal data folders, which no other can read. Appendix. It’s like locking a drawer with something important and then throwing the key into the ocean.
Surprisingly, the Chrome browser, being a system browser, still requests a fairly wide range of permissions after the first launch. It has full admin rights (looking at you, Samsung internet browser) so, in theory, a legal extension (from the Chrome store) that stays within those boundaries will be able to work as it should.
That said, extensions work great in third-party browsers, especially those that just change the settings of the browser itself (such as ad blockers, which everyone really needs). To solve their problems, the above extensions use private browser APIs – rules and instructions that the browser and only the browser must support always and everywhere. And this is an example of the “misuse of extensions” that I wrote about above.
This is what makes Firefox different. Mozilla has its own program of recommended extensions that the company thinks are worthy of your consideration. Part of the requirements that must be met in order to be recommended for Firefox is that your extension must not try to do anything questionable and must work exactly as it says in the description. It’s easy to see the browser extension’s source code, so checking for malicious intent is also very easy.
Not all extensions in this program will work with Firefox for Android because not all Firefox APIs are included in Firefox for Android. Chrome is the same – the codebase for Chrome on a Mac, Windows PC, or smartphone is the same, but depending on what kind of device it was built for, the final product may be slightly different.
What Mozilla does is allow users to install compatible extensions that are on its recommended list. The user can be sure that these extensions work as described in the description and can be trusted. Other browsers may have a similar way to control extensions, but Mozilla makes it very easy to find documentation on how it all works. I’m not saying that Brave is bad or Yandex is bad. I say that Firefox gives me information so I know how it all works.
There’s no reason why Chrome for Android can’t work the same way. In fact, it should work the same way, if Google really cares about browser security, then it should give Chrome users access to secure extensions. This will distract users from products that may not be as secure as Chrome. It’s more than doable and we’re seeing a great example of Mozilla’s Firefox in action.
Instead, Google is doing its best to prevent extensions from working on mobile devices. This is written directly in the makefile of the Google Chrome browser (Linux part of the application code):0003
declare_args()
enable_extensions = !is_android && !is_ios && !is_fuchsia
This means to enable extensions unless or when the target is Android, iOS. And therefore, there will be no extensions in Chrome for the next Google operating system either. A developer building a Chromium-based web browser for Android must find this code snippet and modify it before building the app if they want to enable extension support at any level.
Now that we can see that it’s safe to enable Chrome extension support on mobile devices, we’re back to why Google doesn’t. We will probably never know the real answer to this question. I hope it’s not a loss of ad revenue because it means the next step is to block the VPN.
Opinion
Most more or less advanced users have already solved the problem of advertising banners that constantly and annoyingly climb into the eyes, causing only negative (it’s good that this is not about Mobile-Review). For some, this solution was the use of the Opera or Kiwi browser with extensions, others were able to root their smartphone and use the now officially banned applications, the third is enough with the “light mode”, which consists in prescribing their own DNS. The last method works only for third-party applications (may not work on the system Google Chrome), but it is very simple, you need to go to Settings> Wireless networks> Private DNS> Private DNS settings> and register dns. adguard.com (tested on Huawei P30). In this case, the installation of the AdGuard application itself is not required, but not all ads are removed.
In his article, Jerry Hildenbrand emphasizes that there is absolutely no reason for the lack of support for extensions in Google Chrome. But did he give all the reasons? Isn’t it another reason that an extension that isn’t mobile oriented can simply break the display of the site? Or is it uncontrollable for Google to show its ads already, which is fraught with the loss of a monopoly? Isn’t that the main reason?
And the old question “why should I buy a phone with Google ads and why can’t I buy a phone without Google ads?” arises all the more acutely. And now this question arises already in the western part of the world, as evidenced by the very presence of Jerry’s article. Users don’t want to be forced on additional services, and Google’s “we can’t make Android if we don’t put ads on you” argument is an example of greed-driven infernal sophistry. But only.
Friends, tell us what extensions you use and how you deal with ads. Or have you already given up and switched to a paid subscription to everything and everything?
“Bill, don’t get me wrong.” What Yeltsin asked Clinton about
Vedomosti publishes a transcript of some conversations between Russian President Boris Yeltsin and US President Bill Clinton. Previously unpublished documents are posted on the website of the Bill Clinton Presidential Library.
About the presidential elections in Russia in 1996
In 1996, presidential elections were held in Russia and the United States. Yeltsin and Clinton were re-elected for a second term.
Meeting in the Kremlin on April 21
Yeltsin : Now we have only six candidates [for president]. No one will succeed, except for two – me and Zyuganov. Everyone else will not get more than 10% … I firmly set the goal of winning in the first round. Therefore, I ask you not to take the side of Zyuganov ahead of time.
Clinton : You don’t have to worry about that. We have spent 50 years to get a different result.
Yeltsin : Russia can’t afford to have him [Zyuganov] president. Russia carried out reforms for centuries, but never brought them to the end. Peter the Great, for example. Catherine. Stolypin… More than half of them [communists] are fanatics; they will destroy everything. This will mean civil war. They are liquidating the borders between the republics [of the former USSR]. They want Crimea back; want to lay claim to Alaska… There are two ways of Russia’s development. I don’t need power. But when I felt the threat of the return of communism, I decided that I needed to vote …
I want to ask the President of the United States to support the results of our reforms – that Russia has become a democracy, a country ruled by law – and to support Russia in its intention to become a full member of the G7 … You know, Bill, in our presidential campaign, you too you play a role. Maybe it is widely and unknown, but it is psychologically very important.
Clinton : I know that some people are trying to create a feeling of dissatisfaction with the West and the United States in particular… So I’m trying to find a way to tell the Russian people… that we are making it clear that we support it. But I don’t want to say something that can be used against you. This is your first real choice. I think Aristide said that it was the second election that really mattered. I try to act here in the most appropriate way … I think the best way I can help you is to be a real partner and show that you are pursuing the best policy for Russia. Otherwise, you may be accused of “it’s just politics.”
Telephone conversation May 7
Clinton : Boris, as I promised, I sent you a letter about Chechnya after talking with King Hassan preparation of the Israeli-Egyptian negotiations – Vedomosti). He said he would contact you directly. He said he would do everything possible to help stop the fighting [in Chechnya] and was very interested in helping you. I will do my best to help.
Yeltsin : Thank you, Bill. I intend to take a chance and fly to Chechnya. I will try to bring all three sides to the negotiating table. I mean the Chechen government, the field commanders – since now there is no Dudayev and a successor – and the federal government, that is, Chernomyrdin’s state commission … Khasan can help a lot.
Clinton : This is a very courageous decision. Everyone will see that you are trying to make peace. If there is anything else I can do to help, tell me…
Yeltsin : Good. Thank you for your help with Hassan II… I have one more question, Bill. Please don’t misunderstand me. Bill, for the campaign, I urgently need Russia to get a $2.5 billion loan.
Clinton : Let me ask you, didn’t the Paris Club restructuring of Russia’s debt help you a lot? I thought your country should have received several billion dollars thanks to this.
Yeltsin : No, it will happen in the second half of the year. And in the first one, we will only have $300 million due to the conditions of the IMF. [IMF Managing Director] Camdessus… said there would only be $300 million in the first half and $1 billion in the second. But the problem is that I need money to pay pensions and salaries. If the issue of pensions and salaries is not resolved, it will be very difficult for me to conduct an election campaign. If it were possible to resolve with him the issue of providing $2.5 billion in the first half of the year, we might have coped. Or if you could do it with the help of your banks under the guarantee of the Russian government.
Clinton : I will discuss this with the IMF and some of our friends and see what can be done. I think this is the only way, but let me check. I thought you were going to get about $1 billion from the IMF before the election.
Yeltsin : No, no, only $300 million.
Clinton : I’ll check.
Yeltsin : Okay…
Telephone conversation on June 18
Clinton : Congratulations!
Yeltsin : Thank you.
Clinton : I wanted to call and congratulate you on the first tour… I’ve been following the events of the last 24 hours and how you got [Alexander] Lebed to your side.
Yeltsin : Yes, Bill, it is clear that in this situation I had to team up with Lebed, since they came third in the first round with 15%.
Clinton : Seems politically reasonable to me… I saw you dancing with the band girls, it was great. It is a pity that no one organizes such events in my presidential campaign.
Yeltsin (laughs out loud): I understand you.
Phone conversation July 5
Clinton : Good to hear from you! Congratulations. I’m proud of how you fought even though your ratings were low. ..
Yeltsin : I’m grateful that during this campaign up to the last day you said the right things and didn’t send a single wrong signal. You can be sure I will do the same in your campaign. There will be no interference in your internal affairs. But deep down in my heart I know who I support and who I hope will win the election…
I have a request. Now…there is an opportunity to increase investment in Russia. I will be working with American business leaders and the financial community, but I need your support… to encourage them to invest in Russia on a massive scale.
Clinton : I will do my best to encourage large investments.
NATO enlargement
Meeting of the Presidents in Helsinki on 15 April 1997 Held before the signing on 27 May 1997 of the Russia-NATO Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security
Yeltsin: It is important that in the future, looking back, we do not say that we have returned to the times of the Cold War. Going back is simply unacceptable…
Our position has not changed. NATO’s eastward expansion is a mistake. But I must take action to mitigate the negative consequences of this for Russia. I am ready to conclude an agreement with NATO, not because I want to, but because it is a forced step. Today there is no other way. For me, the following questions are important. The agreement must be legally binding and signed by all 16 members of the alliance. NATO should not make decisions without taking into account Russia’s concerns and opinion. Also, nuclear and conventional weapons cannot be transferred east to new members on the border with Russia. This will create a new cordon sanitaire aimed at Russia.
But one thing is fundamentally important: the expansion must not include the former Soviet republics. I cannot sign any agreement without this [condition]. This is especially true for Ukraine. If you involve her, it will be difficult for us to discuss some issues with Ukraine. We’ve been closely following [NATO Secretary General Javier] Solana’s activities in Central Asia, and we don’t like it. He is pursuing an anti-Russian course.
I understand how complicated this issue is, but we have no territorial claims to these or any other countries or any claims to leadership in relation to them. We are pursuing a well-balanced policy towards the CIS and Baltic countries, based on trust… Our relations with the CIS and Baltic countries should resemble yours with NATO.
We see how your relations with the Ukrainians are developing. This does not benefit our relations with Ukraine or the solution of Russian-Ukrainian problems. We need the US to exercise restraint in dealing with Ukraine. I don’t want to believe that you’re trying to exert pressure. I am surprised by the activity of your congressmen in relation to Ukraine. This does not help to resolve Russian-Ukrainian issues.
Another problem is your naval exercises near the Crimea. It’s the same as if we were conducting exercises in Cuba. Would you like it? For us, this is unacceptable. We are not going to capture Sevastopol. We only want to keep some infrastructure. We respect Georgia, Moldova and other countries, and we have no claims to their territory. We just want to rent some facilities for the Black Sea Fleet.
I propose to indicate in the application that Russia has no claims against other countries. As for the countries of the former USSR, let’s conclude an oral gentleman’s agreement that not a single former Soviet republic will join NATO. This gentleman’s agreement will not be made public.
Clinton: First, I want to say that I understand that now there is a new Russia and it does not intend to take over other countries … I already told you that I am trying to create a new NATO that will not pose a threat to Russia, but will allow the US and Canada stay in Europe, work with Russia and other countries to build a united, free Europe… If we agree that none of the countries of the former Soviet Union can join the alliance, it will be bad for our attempts to build a new NATO, but also for your attempts to build a new Russia. I’m not naive. I understand that it is important for you who will join NATO and when… We should definitely discuss this as we move forward…
But imagine what a terrible message the secret agreement you propose would be. First, there is nothing hidden in this world. Secondly, this message will look like this: “Our organization still opposes Russia, but there is a line that we will not cross.” In other words, instead of creating a NATO that will help move towards a united Europe, we will get a larger organization that is waiting for Russia to do something bad. Secondly, in the Baltic States and other states, this will give rise to exactly the fears that you are trying to dispel and which, according to you, are unfounded …
Yeltsin : Bill, I agree with what you are saying, but look what happens. We intend to submit this document to the Duma for ratification… It will ratify it, and then include the condition that if one of the former Soviet republics joins NATO, Russia will withdraw from the agreement. .. This is exactly what will happen if today you do not tell me one on one, in the absence of even our closest assistants, that you will not accept [NATO] new republics in the near future; I need to hear it. I understand that maybe in 10 years or so the situation may change, but not now. Maybe it will somehow develop later. But I need your assurance that this will not happen in the near future.
Clinton : Even if I went into the pantry with you and said this, Congress would still recognize and recognize the NATO-Russia Act “”) is invalid. It would be better if the Duma adopts a resolution with such a condition… It will be better than what you propose. I just can’t do it. A personal commitment is the same as a public one… I know what a terrible problem this is for you, but I cannot make the commitment you are asking for. It will violate the very spirit of NATO.
Yeltsin : Okay, then let’s agree – one on one – that the former Soviet republics will not be in the first wave [of NATO expansion]. Bill, please understand me. I am returning to Russia with a very heavy burden. It will be very difficult for me to return to Russia and not look like I agreed to NATO expansion. Very difficult.
Clinton: You insist that we should not drive a wedge between us. NATO operates by consensus… We have to find a solution to a short term problem that does not create a long term problem by keeping the old stereotypes about you and your intentions… I don’t want to do what looks like keeping the old Russia and the old NATO.
About the financial crisis in August 1998
Telephone conversation on August 14 (three days before the default)
Clinton : I am concerned about the financial situation in the world … I called also to find out what do you think about what is happening and what needs to be done, because I want to be ready to offer the right solution.
Yeltsin : You know, Bill, of course, I’m very concerned about this whole situation in our financial markets. I think that your decision will be critical, I mean the decision of the IMF to issue the second tranche of the loan to Russia. I think this decision should be made no later than September 15th. If it’s done by that date, it’ll be a very important signal, you understand, Bill. If your markets cooperate properly and US investors do not close limits on Russian enterprises, we will continue to cooperate. I think this is the only way out of the current situation. In my opinion, the most important thing now is for the US Treasury Department to recommend to American investors not to close limits on Russian companies, not to impose restrictions on economic cooperation with Russia…
Clinton : All right, Boris. Of course, you know what I want and try to be as helpful as possible. I think the problem with getting money from the IMF is that it won’t make a difference until the global investment community regains confidence. For this to happen, it is very important that you and [Prime Minister Sergei] Kiriyenko are seen to work vigorously hand in hand, because people pay more attention to this than to anything else. Secondly, we must do something so that your Duma helps you, supports you more. Perhaps I could be of some help to you during your visit [to Moscow] in September. I could, I don’t know, meet with groups of deputies if you like…
Yeltsin : I think it would be useful to take joint steps and meet with the Duma together. For them it will be a real shock, for all members of the Duma. I think this is a convincing victory for us. You know, members of the Duma are not accustomed to seeing their own president. But if the President of the United States comes to Russia and, together with the President of Russia, comes to the Duma and addresses them, this, in my opinion, will be a very strong step on our part …
If we decide to go to the Duma together, I think it can be called a revolution, a small one, but a revolution. But Bill, I think we should keep it all a secret, everything should be kept a secret. No one needs to know what we are planning. I think our telephone line is reliable and information will not leak from here. Everything must be done to keep it a secret, a secret. No one should have any idea what we are going to do.
About Putin
Telephone conversation September 8, 1999
Yeltsin: In a few days you will have a meeting with Putin [at the APEC summit in Auckland]. I would like to tell you about him so that you know what kind of person he is. It took me a long time to think about who in 2000 might be the next president of Russia. Unfortunately, at that time I could not find a single candidate. Finally, I stumbled upon him, Putin, studied his biography, his interests, his acquaintances, and so on. I learned that he is a reliable person who is well versed in the things that lie in his area of responsibility. At the same time, he is solid and strong, very sociable. And he can easily build good relationships and contacts with partners. I’m sure you’ll find a very qualified partner in him. I am deeply convinced that he will be supported as a candidate in 2000. We are working on this.
Meeting of the Presidents in Istanbul November 19, 1999
Clinton: Who will win the election?
Yeltsin: Putin, of course. He will become Boris Yeltsin’s successor. He is a democrat and knows the West well.
Clinton: He is very smart.
Yeltsin: He is a tough person, and he has an inner core. I will do everything possible to ensure that he wins – within the law, of course. And he will win. You will work with him. He will continue Yeltsin’s line of democracy and economic development and expand Russia’s contacts. He has the energy and brains to succeed.
Photo gallery: Lines of 1998. Where the Russians stood
can construct – Translation into Russian – examples English
These examples may contain rude words based on your search.
These examples may contain colloquial words based on your search.
alternatively can construct 5-star luxury hotel and receive Government and EU grant.
As an alternative to , you can build a 5-star luxury hotel and receive state and EU grants.
On this basis, we can construct a method of teaching foreign language to a qualitatively new basis.
On this basis, it is possible to build a method of teaching a foreign language on a qualitatively new basis.
Users can construct diversified portfolios with an automated tool called portfolio builder by inputting their risk tolerance and objectives.
Users of can create diverse portfolios using an automated tool called the Portfolio Builder, entering their risk and objectives.
young readers can construct meaning from a variety of texts.
Young readers can create meanings of a wide variety of texts.
The second clip shows how SRI’s micro robots can construct their own tools.
The second video shows how the SRI microrobots can create their own tools.
The language provides means whereby individual organizations can construct their own libraries.
The language provides a means by which individual organizations can create their own libraries.
Larissa Queen and others subsequently found that one can construct the expansions of many Hauptmoduln from simple combinations of dimensions of sporadic groups.
Larissa Quinn and others have found that it is possible to build a extension of many Hauptmoduln (master modules) from simple combinations of sporadic group dimensions.
It’s only one model that one can construct for these dependencies.
This is just one of the models that can build for these dependencies.
One can construct S using its standard fundamental polygon.
You can build using your standard fundamental polygon.
Under the kitchen can construct several concrete cellars, one of which is equipped with insulated pit with ice.
Under the kitchen it is possible to build several reinforced concrete cellars, one of which can be equipped with a thermally insulated ice pit.
This is the simplest form of a dome that you can construct .
This is the simplest dome shape that can be built .
From these details I can construct a whole world.
There are so many details here that you can build the whole world!
After reading his books I feel I can construct a house.
After reading his book, I have the feeling that I can build a house.
Builders are selling homes faster than they can construct them.
Builders sell houses as fast as they can build their .
Some of the buildings you can construct .
Then there are some buildings that you can build .
I demonstrated how you can construct complex algorithms using this technique.
There I showed how complex algorithms can be constructed using this technique.
What others destroy, we can construct .
But what we build others destroy.
Anybody can construct his house wherever he likes.
At the same time, each built his house where he liked.
Sitters can construct and destroy.
You can create and destroy buildings and structures.
good ones can construct entire lives, on the spot, out of thin air.
The best of them can create whole images on the spot, out of thin air.
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Examples are used only to help you translate the word or expression searched in various contexts.