Repointing wall: How to Repoint Brick (Project Summary)
How to Repoint Brick (Project Summary)
Photo: cottagelife.com
Brick houses are hard to damage. Anyone familiar with The Three Little Pigs knows that. Inevitably, however, there comes a time when the mortar between bricks begins to degrade. The process of repair, known as repointing, is pretty easy (if a bit time consuming). Undoubtedly, it’s a smart thing to do. That’s because crumbling mortar, if not fixed, allows water to seep in between the bricks, causing them to swell and crack and become generally blow-downable.
Here’s how to keep your brick walls standing tall.
Step 1: Remove The Old Mortar
Repointing is all about out with the old and in with the new—and working in small sections. You don’t want to remove all of the old mortar from a wall at once, because you may weaken its integrity. So, working along the wall in an area about three- to five-feet wide, remove the old mortar from both the horizontal and vertical joints.
To ensure you don’t damage the bricks, you can use a cold chisel or handheld grout saw to tap it out. You can also use another hand tool known as a joint raker. If you’re confident in your abilities, you can use a 4-inch angle grinder, but be careful not to cut into the brick.
You’ll want to remove the mortar to a depth of about 1/2 inch. Use a whisk broom, wire brush or hose to remove all the dust and wear a respirator to keep debris out of your lungs.
Photo: easternstate.org
Step 2: Wet The Wall
Give your brick wall a good soaking with a hose and let it sit overnight. This will ensure that the bricks and old mortar are hydrated and that they don’t suck the water out of the new mortar you’ll place between them the next day. When you are ready to put in the new mortar, lightly spritz the bricks one more time before beginning.
Step 3: Mix The New Mortar
If your house is less than 50 years old, you will likely be safe using standard portland cement mortar to refill the spaces between your bricks.
If your abode is older than that however, you’ll want to use a different mix, consisting of lime and sand. This is what was originally used in brickwork and it’s best to use the same mix as a replacement. That’s because portland cement mortar is very hard when it dries and can cause older bricks to crack. The lime mix acts almost like disks between vertebrae in the spine: it cushions the brick and moves along with the wall as it flexes.
If you want to be sure you’re using the correct mortar replacement, you can check with a mason specializing in restoration work, or you can send a sample to be analyzed to a company like LimeWorks. Otherwise, a general rule of thumb is to make a mortar mix from 6 parts fine white sand, 2 parts lime and 1 part white portland cement.
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No matter the mortar mix you use, be sure to make it in small batches as it hardens quickly. Place the ingredients in a wheelbarrow and mix to a frosting-like consistency whereby the mortar holds its peaks when you draw it upwards with a trowel.
Tip: Mortar sets up best in temperatures between 50 and 80 degrees, so you might want to do this project in the cooler months of the year.
6″ Pointing Trowel. Photo: wickes.co.uk
Step 4: Insert The New Mortar
Pick up some mortar on a large trowel and then, using a pointing trowel, work smaller amounts into the horizontal and vertical gaps between the bricks. You might find it easier to fill the vertical joints with a tool known as a margin trowel. Use the flat edge of the trowel to even out your work and scrape off any mortar you get on the face of the bricks.
Step 5: Clean Up
Wait about an hour until the mortar has hardened a bit, then scrape off any mortar that’s remained on the brick face. You can do this with a sturdy wire brush, but be sure to use a horizontal sweeping motion so as to not pull the new mortar out of the joints. For the next three to four days, give the wall a daily misting to allow the mortar to dry slowly and not crack.
All in all, it’s a tedious, detailed job and you may find yourself huffing and puffing during it, but you’ll soon be satisfied that nobody and nothing will be blowing your brick house down anytime soon.
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Repointing Brick – The Mason You Hire Can Destroy Your House
Repointing brick needed before water enters.
Repointing brick or stone is not as simple as it sounds. Masonry repair work can not only damage but destroy old homes, unless you are an informed consumer and know what to ask. You the homeowner are responsible for protecting your home.
Repointing brick or stone on OLD HOMES performed by most professional masons, or homeowners instructed by brick manufacturers on repointing brick, will result in the destruction of your house!
Read on – this is extremely important. Let the buyer beware!
Most of the best and well known masons out there may do a great job building a NEW brick wall, but you should use extreme caution when hiring them if you own an old home.
When working with new brick, there is no problem, only the old brick and here’s why.
This pertains to homes build in the early 1900’s and earlier. Modern brick is fired differently and is therefore harder.
Your home may have wood shingles, but don’t forget about chimneys and foundation walls constructed with brick or stone. As time passes, the masonry on old homes eventually needs repair. The mortar holding the bricks or stone deteriorates. Cracks then form, allowing water to enter. If neglected, the freeze and thaw cycle will cause the bricks or stone to fall out and hit you on the head.
What do you do to prevent this? Repoint the mortar.
Repointing brick or stone is a process where about 1 inch of mortar is removed and replaced with new mortar. This is a very common practice and all masons do this. The problem lies in their knowledge of what type of mortar to use. Using the wrong type will cause irreversible damage.
Mortar used today is very strong and hard because it contains a large amount of Portland Cement.
Portland Cement is good for certain applications, but it is not a fix-all as masons and building supply stores believe. Portland cement is not bad, it just must be used in the mortar mixture in a lower percentage when working with certain materials.
1. The important thing to know is the mortar MUST be softer (in compression strength) than the brick or stone it surrounds and have greater vapor permeability.
2. It must also be softer than the mortar it is replacing when repointing brick or stone. This is accomplished by using less Portland Cement and more Lime and Sand.
Moisture within a wall needs to escape and evaporate. Mortar that is too hard will force the moisture to escape through the softer brick or stone. This will result in permanent damage such as cracking and spalling.
Repointing brick with strong hard mortar does not make a solid structure. Your brick is damaged beyond repair.
This is a photo of damage caused to bricks from using the wrong type of mortar.
The same problem occurs with stone.
Photo courtesy of Old House Journal. Here is a link to their article: “The Lowdown on Historic Mortar”
Mortar Types for repointing brick and stone.
What you need to know:
Mortar comes is types. Type M, S, N, O, K, and L.
Type M is the strongest and hardest and contains the highest percentage of Portland Cement while Type L has no Portland Cement and is the softest.
Type N, O and Type K are recommended for most historic masonry applications. However, masons are not aware of this. When hiring a mason, ask them what type they would recommend and see what they say – that is the test. Play dumb at first.
Fake shopping
Forget about Home Depot type stores. I wanted to ask the pros in the concrete, block, and sand business that specialize in masonry work.
I recently contacted Clayton Concrete Block & Sand (www.
claytonco.com ) a very large company in NJ, and told them I had 150 year old brick that needed repointing. They recommended Type S. I played dumb and asked if it may be too hard for the old brick and asked if they carry Type O or K. I was told they are not familiar with those types!!!
I then phoned a different office and Type N was recommended and again this sales person was not aware of the softer mortar types. If I depended on the pro’s in the business for information, and repointed my basement foundation, 10 years later I may not have a foundation. Let the Buyer Beware!
Repointing brick with mortar harder than the brick. Moisture will escape through the softer brick damaging it while allowing only the mortar to remain.
The words of an honest mason
The following was posted in a LinkedIn forum discussion:
How do we make all Masons aware that using Portland cement is ruining our historical Masonry! This is as big of a problem as one can possibly be.
We see all these historical society groups raising Hell about all different types of issues but nothing is said about the masons who go out into our cities everyday and open up a bag of Portland Mortar and start packing joints and ruining work that is over 100 years old. The question is how do we educate the Masons who don’t know anything about Restoration Masonry but call themselves Restoration Masons?
Forum Reply:
“I consider myself to be a Great Mason and I have 28 years of laying Brick and just up to 3 weeks ago i had no idea about the damage that i could do to historical Masonry if I used Mortar that we use today on masonry that was done before 1933. If I would not be the type of person that reads up and researches things before i do something’ I could have done the same as all the Masons I see do and been using Portland Mortar also.
THANK GOD FOR THIS SITE IT SAVED ME FROM POSSIBLY RUINING A PIECE OF HISTORY.”
I would love to take the credit but the site he references is the LinkedIn forum.
Lime versus Portland Cement – The Craftsman Blog by Scott Sidler
See what to do based on the age of your house.
https://thecraftsmanblog.com/lime-mortar-vs-portland-cement/
For much more detailed information and a chart of types of mortar to use for different applications go to:
Preservation Brief #2 – Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings
Need Help?
Contact: https://www.limeworks.us
Unfortunately their customer service is not very good. I have asked the owner a question and have not been responded to.
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Corporate wall / Habr
– Today you will become a team that you have never been! – solemnly said Evgeny Viktorovich.
– The game that we will play will change your idea of solving complex problems together!
Realizing that it would be impossible to finish the sandwiches, the leaders began to slowly put them on the table. Someone quickly washed down with tea what his mouth was stuffed with, someone hastily wiped his mouth with a handkerchief. Everyone felt that something was coming.
— Please, friends! Olga supported. – In the next room!
And she walked swiftly to the door. The people followed.
The adjacent hall turned out to be not so neighboring – I had to go through a long narrow corridor, through the entire hotel. Periodically, the doors of the rooms opened – someone still lived in this outback – so people stretched out in a row, one or two people at a time. The spectacle was depressing – either they were being led to the execution, or the younger group of the kindergarten for a walk.
Finally, we reached the “Harmony” hall. Of course, there was no smell of harmony there – not a very large room, without tables and chairs, with a strange design in the middle.
It was a wall made up of cardboard boxes that looked empty. It was two meters high, a little more than five meters wide.
People, as expected, huddled together, away from the wall. The owner and moderator stepped forward, stood against the wall, and announced the rules.
– So! Olga began. – The rules are very simple. You must overcome the wall with the whole team. That is, every single one must be on the opposite side. In this case, you can not touch the wall, in general. If they touched the wall, the whole team returns to its original position. No items can be used. All clear?
Silence was the answer.
— Well, friends, more fun! – encouraged Evgeny Viktorovich. This is a very cool exercise! We did it at the training, it’s just breathtaking. We did it in fifteen minutes, although, as you understand, it was more difficult for us – no one knew anyone, there was no mutual understanding. You, such a close-knit team, will succeed much faster, I’m sure!
— We will try! – Nikolai Ivanovich, director, spoke.
– Well, colleagues, go ahead!
– Wait. Olga stopped the director’s impulse. – All according to the rules. If you’re ready, I’ll time it. Ready?
– Ready! – cheerfully responded director.
– Well, go ahead! – looking at the smartphone, Olga answered.
Everyone rushed to the wall. But, coming closer, they stopped in bewilderment, like sheep before a new gate. Some began to look at the wall, as if trying to see some clue. Someone just stepped aside, waiting for instructions.
— Yes, we need a commander! the director said cheerfully. I offer myself for this position. Any objections?
Naturally, there were no objections. Nikolai Ivanovich began to look intelligently at the wall, then at his colleagues, then avert his eyes to the side, as if pondering something.
– I’ll give you a hint. Yevgeny Viktorovich shouted from the side. – Take off your shoes, jackets and ties. It will be easier.
Some confusion began in the crowd. No, of course, all people are intelligent, but still .
.. We spent half a day in shoes, here, if you were at least three times clean, the consequences cannot be avoided. But there is nothing to do – you won’t step on the shoulders of colleagues in boots, will you? Stepping aside, people began to take off their shoes. The amber intensified, but the crowd saved it – you will definitely understand who smells from whom.
Having taken off their shoes, the dream team returned to the wall. Nikolai Ivanovich already had a plan.
– So! The director clapped his hands and smiled. – Who is the tallest and healthiest here?
Everyone began to look around – no one really wanted to be the tallest. Seeing that there were no volunteers, the director was not taken aback.
— So, get taller! he shouted.
The command turned out to be simple and was quickly executed. We hesitated a little at the end of the queue, since there was no clear understanding of who was taller, but the tallest were immediately identified – they were the head of the quality control department and the chief designer.
— So guys! the director said. “The two of you will be our Atlanteans!” You stand near the wall, and you will carefully, one by one, lift us all and ferry us over the wall!
The Atlanteans obediently stood by the wall. The director, not wanting to line up again, climbed first. A dilemma arose – how exactly to raise it? After a short consultation, they decided to use the techniques of overcoming the wall, which they saw in films about special forces – they clasped their fingers, the director stood on them with his feet, and threw him up.
What looked good in the movies didn’t work well in a cool team-building game. The director, having risen in a jump by a maximum of one and a half meters, collapsed right on the wall, beautifully collapsing it.
– Failed! the owner shouted loudly. – Repair the wall!
Boxes folded quickly – with simple and clear tasks always so.
Guys! the director said. – Don’t throw me, but lift me on your shoulders! And then I myself, jump over!
We tried it the way Nikolai Ivanovich said.
He got to the shoulders, with grief in half, but realized that it was more difficult to stay there than it seemed. Having swayed dangerously a couple of times, he collapsed, only not on the wall, but back. Luckily, he landed on his feet.
– So, we change the principle a little. he said, getting up and dusting himself off. – Two are standing, I’m climbing, two are holding me back. It’s clear?
It is clear, why is it incomprehensible. He climbed onto his shoulders, restrained, helped. Jumped over the wall, landed.
– All is well! shouted the director from behind the wall. – Let’s go next!
It took a long time to choose the next one. They offered to start with the ladies, but they flatly refused, citing uncertainty about the chosen method of transportation.
— Well, what is there? came a voice from behind the wall. – Can’t choose? Let’s head engineer!
The Headmaster’s commanding voice quelled the confusion. The chief engineer, who was the same size as the director, was quickly lifted up, supported, and helped to jump.
“Ahhhh…” came a voice from behind the wall. – Your mother!
The rules of the game did not allow going around the wall and seeing what happened, so they started shouting – “what happened?”, “how are you?”, “fell on the director, or what?”.
– Leg! shouted the chief engineer.
The owner, together with Olga, got up from their chairs and ran up to the wall. After looking at the chief engineer, and after a little consultation, they let him go home, and advised him to go to the emergency room.
When the victim left, the game continued.
– Is that enough? Sergey asked the owner. “Now we’ll break everyone’s legs here.
– It’s okay! Evgeny Viktorovich answered. – Alexey just fell unsuccessfully, everything is in order.
— What’s the point? Sergey didn’t let up. What should this game teach us?
— Working in a team, solving complex problems, supporting each other, no matter what! Olga answered for the owner.
— So we know how to do it.
It seems to me that climbing over a wall will teach us one thing – climbing over a wall. It seems that this is not a particularly useful skill in our work.
— I would be happy to discuss with you. Olga smiled. – But the team building technique was not invented by me, and not today. Such games greatly strengthen the team spirit, help to unite, and, most importantly, teach to unite when the need arises.
— Some kind of nonsense… — Sergei shook his head. – No, I understand, of course, that everyone does this, at trainings and so on, but do you have any examples of a real change in the work of teams after such games? Well, so that there is a company with certain results, and after the game – once! And the results are twice as good! Are there such examples?
– Sergey! the owner said sternly. “We’re not here to discuss wall-climbing. We gathered to climb over the wall. So come on, don’t get distracted. Better use your brain to figure out the best way to climb over.
Sergei fell silent and returned to the crowd.
Things were going badly – several people were transported, seemingly without injuries, but it was the turn of the ladies. There were, so to speak, household questions.
First, some of the women were wearing skirts. Moreover, some of them were in tight skirts, and they could not physically stand on the shoulders of two men.
Secondly, they did not have enough strength to get up on their shoulders with their hands – they had to help. And how to help a lady rise two meters without helping with her hands? After all, it is necessary, so to speak, to choose the point of application of force?
You can, of course, take hold of the foot, but this requires remarkable strength. It is much easier, in terms of strength, to rest, as they say, on the back of the thigh, or a little higher.
Both ladies and men understood the dilemma. The pause was already becoming awkward, and Marina, the quality director, decided to break it.
— So, I climbed! – she said and resolutely stepped towards the rather tired Atlanteans.
Rising on her clasped hands, Marina stopped. No one dared, so to speak, get their hands dirty.
— Well, why are you frozen? She turned to the crowd. – Let’s! Don’t be afraid, I’m not a princess! Hand behind the ass and forward!
After a few seconds of hesitation, two men stepped out of the crowd – the head of production and the chief technologist. Grabbing Marina, with one hand by her side, with the other – by the place she herself indicated, they lifted the Atlanteans onto their shoulders. A bit of stumbling, Marina tried to jump, but fell on the wall.
– Hmm. came the owner’s voice. – You will not be able to beat our record – half an hour has already passed. Repair the wall and try again.
After the boxes were stacked, they had a small meeting. The problem with getting up was clear – it’s too hard to climb onto the shoulders without support. We decided to build a ladder.
Sergei had the role of the first step – he was on all fours, substituting his back under the sweaty socks of his colleagues./construction-site-171571323-581229b63df78c2c732d64d9.jpg)
Not everyone was as dexterous as Sergey would like, and his legs periodically slipped off, falling into his face.
Sergey got a special pleasure when the warehouse manager climbed the wall. A wonderful woman, a very responsible worker, always happy to chat, but … She weighed more than a centner. Sergey himself weighed ninety kilograms, but no offense here – now she was walking on his back, and not vice versa.
When the wall collapsed again, Sergei was even delighted. Was there an opportunity to get up, take a break, and, perhaps, the gentlemen of the designers will place him in a less loaded place in the structure?
– An hour has passed. – the owner commented a little wearily. – Think about it, maybe there are errors in your concept of overcoming, at the very foundation?
– I got it! Sergei suddenly exclaimed. – I understand!
— What did you understand? the director rejoiced. – How to? Well, speak!
– Don’t! Sergey smiled happily. – No need to climb over the wall at all! This is a test! That’s why it took them fifteen minutes! It is impossible to climb over this crap in fifteen minutes!
“I don’t understand something…” the director frowned.
— Well, how! Remember Scarecrow!
— Which Scarecrow?
– Well, from The Wizard of Oz. There was a wall in the desert, or a gate, I don’t remember exactly. In short, it was impossible to go through them, so he came up with – to bypass. And we need it too!
— What do you mean? Bypass the wall? It’s against the rules.
— So that’s the point! We are being tested whether we are idiots or not. Well, after all, only an idiot will climb through this wall, agree?
— Why? I don’t understand.
– Well, how. We have a goal – to be on the other side of the wall. It’s a normal goal. And this goal has at least two ways to achieve it – climb over and go around. We were advised to climb over, and we will go around. Why should we choose a complicated, terrible, mediocre way to solve this problem? We are managers, not stupid performers!
– An interesting hypothesis. came the owner’s voice. – But in this case you are wrong, Sergey. It is necessary to overcome the wall in exactly the way that is proposed.
– Yes, they are teasing us. Sergey waved his hand in the direction of the owner with a smile. – Well, you know, like in “Fight Club”, when the hero was caught, and he says – “that’s it, guys, the operation is canceled”, and they answer him – “you said you would say so”, and then the eggs are tightened with an elastic band.
– No, Sergey. Evgeny Viktorovich entered again. – You have to climb over the wall.
– Well, it is necessary – it is necessary. – Sergey said sadly and went to take his place in the ladder.
Marina, who was standing nearby, suddenly took out her phone from her pocket and started poking around in it. Then she smiled sadly.
– Lesha writes. she said loudly. – I went to the hospital, they took a picture, a compression fracture of the heel.
– Tryndets. Sergei shook his head. – Will there be more…
— Come on. Marina smiled. – Look how many girls are beautiful. When you still feel so many asses.
– Well, well, I only dreamed about it.
Sergey smiled back.
They started climbing the wall in the same way. This time with the ladies it turned out more successfully – they sent everyone. When only the Atlanteans remained on this side, a new problem arose – how to transport them themselves?
One tried to climb onto the other, but immediately fell onto the wall, and the whole crowd, having collected the boxes, again migrated to the starting point. Thus another hour passed.
Gradually the scheme became more and more looming. From the crowd, they chose two more men who were healthier, and first they sent them over so that they would organize an acceptance on the other side. When the last two Atlanteans remained, the receiving structure was already ready on the other side – something resembling a large crane, which, groaning from the effort, lifted hefty men like a port crane.
When success was close at hand, people’s mood improved noticeably. Not that everyone was cheerful – rather, they got angry, but not at each other, but at this damn wall, damn task and damn team-building game.
The whole crowd was driven by only one desire – that all this would end as soon as possible.
Shyness, disgust, cleanliness – everything has disappeared. Without hesitation, they grabbed each other by the sweaty legs and asses, stood on their heads, rested their hands on their faces. Everyone was gripped by excitement, as when playing in bad weather – when you wallow in the mud, there is nothing to lose, and you start playing at full strength.
By the end of the third hour, the wall had been overcome. Tired, but happy people, congratulating each other, began to put on their shoes.
— Well, what are your impressions? the owner asked cheerfully. – Did you like the game?
— Of course! – answered for all the director. – It’s an amazing experience! Incredible bonding! Now we know what we can do whenever we want!
– Come on, find me at least one who wanted, really wanted to play this game? Sergey intervened.
— Look, don’t start, huh? – Marina pulled Sergey by the sleeve.
We did, and thank God.
– That’s it. Sergei smiled. And at work, too. It is necessary, it is not necessary, it is right, it is not right – they did it, and thank God! As in that proverb – make a fool pray to God, he will hurt his forehead! And then he will also praise – Oh! What a cool method! What a great game! How great we are having fun! What a team we are now!
— What’s wrong? Olga asked. – Or are you fundamentally against games?
— Of course against! Sergey said. – No, if we played for the first time, I would watch with interest what will happen next. But I’ve been working here for a long time, and we arrange these games several times a year. What’s the point?
– Look at the people! Olga didn’t let up. – Everyone is happy! Tired but happy!
— Certainly joyful! Sergei smiled. “Just what did it teach us?” Here we play these games, but how does this affect work? Don’t bother, I know the answer – no way. Because the quality of work does not depend on whether we play games or not.
It depends on the quality of processes, the quality of management, the quality of goal-setting and decomposition of tasks, and not on these surrogates.
– What kind of surrogates? asked Evgeny Viktorovich, who was watching the discussion with interest.
– Well, like a national idea, or Roman “bread and circuses.” – answered, a little thinking, Sergei. – On the one hand, the leader must restore order. It does not matter, in a company or a rural settlement. On the other hand, he does not know how to do it. But he does not want to show this, which, in general, is understandable. How to solve this dilemma?
— If by analogy with Rome, then by arranging games? the owner asked.
– Well, yes. Any crap will do as long as it’s served with the right sauce. Sergei nodded. – Corporate party, paintball, embroidery circle, climb over the wall.
— But this is a team-building game! Olga couldn’t resist. – Well, colleagues, support! You feel like you’re not looking at each other the way you used to!
— Of course! – supported by Nikolai Ivanovich.
Apart from the director, no one supported Olga’s remark.
— The formation of a team, as well as the management of its work, is just management. Sergei continued. Do you understand? It’s just that kind of work. The one who does it is called the leader. His job is to make everything work. And people, and equipment, and processes, and motivation.
— And the team spirit? – sarcastically asked Olga. Is he also management?
No, but you are putting the cart before the horse. Sergei answered. – Team spirit is the force that animates the system. Do you understand? When there is a system, and everything works, but you need to do it faster and better, then the team spirit will come in handy. In the right, tuned, played team. This is the energy that makes the blood of the team flow through its veins. But we don’t have veins, we don’t have processes, we have a mess. Forming a team in a mess is the same as automating a mess.
– All right, Sergey. Evgeny Viktorovich raised his hands up.
– I understand your idea.
— I don’t! Olga was indignant. – A team is never fully formed if there are dissenting elements in it! We must reach a consensus! Not a compromise, but a consensus so that everyone agrees!
— It is not necessary to seek Sergey’s consent. Yevgeny Viktorovich smiled sadly. He will leave our company in a week.
– Ah, that’s it. Olga said. – Then I want to talk to Sergei alone. Do not you mind?
– I am not. the owner replied. – Sergei, how are you?
— What am I… — Sergei shrugged. – It is necessary, it is necessary.
– Okay! Olga clapped her hands. – And now, I ask everyone to go to the restaurant, we have lunch. But unusual, but team-building!
– Nooo. Sergey drawled pictorially.
– Yeah. Olga smiled. – And after dinner, Sergey, do not run away, I want to talk to you.
Remote control for PC or Android plus button remapping
I ordered a remote control to control a media player on a PC through the wall (a TV is connected behind the wall).
In short – it works, all buttons are working, everything works fine in mouse mode, of course there is no gyroscope here, this is not AirMouse.
A little more in the review.
The remote control came in a package from a remote control with a gyroscope, which is misleading. The whistle was in the battery compartment.
Internals
Weight with batteries (AAA, not included) – 62g, without – 39
Works through the wall, meters 6.
Total number of buttons: 12.
1. Power
2. Home
3. Arrows / Mouse switch (switches between cursor and arrow control, does not transmit a signal to the receiver)
4. Menu (Context menu)
5. Esc
6.VolumeUp
7.Volume Down
8. 4 arrows and OK in the middle (Enter)
When connected, 2 new devices appear in the system
1 device is a mouse, the second is a keyboard, in fact, button 3 switches the remote control from mouse mode (the front LED is on) to keyboard mode.
From the inconvenience: there are no drivers, standard HIDs are becoming standard, it is possible to reassign signals at the driver level, but this is above my level) it follows from this:
the Power button without warning sends a signal to turn off the computer. naturally then does not include)
buttons, if you can reassign, then only as a reaction to pressing, that is, the button signal still passes (such a mess with all the multimedia buttons on all keys), so for the Power system button, you first need to disable the system reaction:
Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Power Options\System Settings (Power Button Action)
After that, the computer cannot be turned off with the power button on the system unit, but now using the Mkey program:
I assigned a spacebar to the power button.
I remapped the rest to Kodi using the Keymap Editor add-on.
You can reassign multimedia buttons using the registry or, for example, the SharpKeys program, but double operations are possible, and not all buttons are detected.