2 storey extension plans: Double storey extensions: expert guide to designing and costs

Navigation:
Home → All categories → Reconstruction and repair of residential buildings

Inspection of buildings scheduled for superstructure

Survey of buildings scheduled for superstructure

Inspection of superstructure buildings is divided into two stages: preliminary inspection and technical inspection.

Preliminary inspection is carried out during the inspection of the quarter planned for reconstruction, or when choosing a separate object for the superstructure. At the same time, the fundamental possibility of building a superstructure is revealed.

A technical survey is carried out to obtain the initial data necessary for the development of the superstructure project. It is performed for the architectural, structural and special parts of the project.

1. Preliminary inspection

The purpose of the preliminary inspection is to establish the general condition of the building and the possibility of its addition. At the same time, the admissibility of the superstructure must be determined in terms of building rules and regulations, as well as the requirements for the reconstruction of the city and its general improvement.

The starting materials for the preliminary inspection are the master plan of the site at a scale of 1:500 and floor plans at a scale of 1:200 received from the district inventory bureau.

Preliminary examination reveals the following issues:
a) urban planning: availability of a project for the reconstruction of a microdistrict, quarter or street, the location of the red lines of building streets and the building density of the quarter; the maximum allowable height of the building after the superstructure, taking into account the width of the street, the influence of the superstructure on the dimming of neighboring buildings, etc. ;
b) architectural and planning: availability of inventory drawings of the layout of existing premises, its compliance with modern requirements and the need for reconstruction of the existing part of the house;
c) constructive: the year the house was built and the reconstructions carried out, the technical condition of the walls and the main load-bearing structures;
d) building equipment: sanitary and engineering equipment of the house (heating system, boiler room, water supply, sewerage, gas, elevators, garbage chute, etc.) and the possibility of its use for a superstructure, as well as connection to a quarterly boiler house or city heating network ;
e) conditions for the production of work: the presence of an area near the superstructure and neighboring buildings.

Upon receipt of all the data and as a result of an external inspection, an act and a schematic drawing of the superstructure are drawn up, an approximate volume and cost of the superstructure are determined. These materials are used for technical inspection and issuance of assignments to the design organization for the design of the superstructure.

II. Technical survey for architectural and planning part

This part of the technical survey should give a detailed idea of ​​the general architecture, distribution of volumes and floor plans of the existing building, show the nature of the external architectural design of the facades of the superstructure and neighboring houses.

The technical survey for the architectural and planning part is usually carried out by the design organization that develops the project of the superstructure.

During its execution, dimensional drawings are drawn up: plans, sections, facades and master plans.

a) Measurement plans

Measurement floor plans are drawn up for all floors, basement, attic and roof on a scale of 1:100. All openings, shoulders, piers, ledges, pilasters, columns, stoves, chimneys and ventilation panels in the walls, wall thickness, etc. are also measured in relation to the dimensions of each measured room. Especially carefully measurements are made of the attic, which is the basis for the superstructure. All measurements are made with an accuracy of 1 cm.

Simultaneously with measurements, familiarization with the purpose and nature of the use of all premises is carried out, indicating the names of the premises on the measurement plans. Items of equipment are indicated: bathtubs, toilet bowls, sinks, stoves, and in basements boilers and central heating boilers. In addition, items of equipment with large loads are indicated, which must be taken into account when calculating the superstructure of the building.

b) Sections of the building

Sections of the building based on the results of measurements are made on a scale of 1:100 or 1:50 and are made according to the most characteristic sections and, necessarily, along stairwells, indicating the thickness of the floors “and the vertical chain of all sizes.

c) Facades

When examining building facades and compiling dimensional drawings, it is also photographed. The dimensions of the prints should be made approximately on a scale of 1: 100; in addition, fragments of the facade and architectural details are given. For corner buildings, photographing the building in perspective is mandatory. Photographs of street facades should also capture the facades of neighboring buildings located closely on both sides.

d) General plan

Based on the results of the measurement, the master plan is drawn up on a scale from 1:200 to 1:500. It should show: built-on buildings, neighboring buildings and adjoining yards that can be used for organizing warehouses and locating construction mechanisms , as well as sections of streets and alleys adjacent to the superstructure. The master plan shows all entrances, entrances and exits from buildings to protect the flow of people and vehicles inside the yard, as well as to protect pedestrians and public transport on the streets adjacent to the building being built on.

III. Technical survey of structures

The purpose of the technical survey of structures is to obtain detailed data on the strength of the building, the technical feasibility of its superstructure and determine the necessary measures to strengthen its individual elements.

Technical inspection of structures of superstructured buildings in Moscow is carried out by a specialized organization – Mosgorgeotrest. In other cities, this work is carried out by commissions of technical and expert councils of city executive committees or design organizations.

Technical inspection of structures consists of examination of bases and foundations, walls, columns, attic floor and roof.

a) Examination of bases and foundations

Bases and foundations under the outer and inner walls and columns of the building are examined by opening the pits.

When examining foundations in open pits, measurements are made of all heights and ledges, as well as the width of the base of the foundation, linking them to the floor level of the first floor (Fig. 16, a, b). At the same time, the quality of laying foundations * material and strength of stone, mortar and pile foundations are determined.

At the same time, the soils located at the entire depth of the pits, as well as the components of the base, are examined. To do this, in addition to the pits, boreholes are laid along the outer perimeter of the building, the depth of which should be approximately 5 m below the base of the foundations.

In all pits and wells, the level of groundwater is determined.

Undisturbed soil samples from each soil layer and stone and foundation mortar samples are subjected to laboratory testing.

b) Inspection of walls and columns

Walls and columns during the inspection are carefully examined from the outside and from the inside in each floor of the building. At the same time, all masonry defects are noted: cracks, buckling, delamination. They measure the width and depth of cracks, install beacons and observe the behavior of cracks. All defects are applied to the wall scans, which are compiled on a scale of 1: 100.

The condition of the masonry of walls and other load-bearing structures and the detected defects are photographed. The solidity of the masonry is determined by tapping, which allows you to identify voids, channels, embedded niches and openings, as well as punching the walls with a jumper or drilling them. All smoke, gas and ventilation ducts in each floor along their entire length from the mouth to the head should be marked on the wall reamers.

The strength of the masonry is checked by laboratory testing of brick and mortar samples. Recently, taking masonry samples with an undisturbed structure has been widely used, for which cylindrical samples are drilled and subjected to laboratory tests. To determine the strength of reinforced concrete load-bearing structures, by means of furrowing (Fig. 1, c), reinforcement is exposed, and then cylindrical concrete samples are drilled. In the absence of such an opportunity, the strength of concrete is determined by more simplified methods (Fizdel’s hammer, shooting method, chisel, etc. ).

c) When examining the columns, it is necessary to measure their profiles and sections on each floor, as well as to identify the structures of the capital supports. In cast iron columns, in addition, a wall is drilled to measure its thickness.

Fig. 1. Inspection of foundations by opening pits:
a – section of the pit; 1 – floor level of the first floor; 2 – layers of soil on bedding; b – pit plan; c – examination of the reinforcement of columns; 3 – furrow; 4 – intact section

c) Inspection of the attic floor

When examining the attic floor, on the plan drawn up according to the measurements of the walls and load-bearing structures, the axes of the beams are applied indicating the places of opening and the cross sections of the floor in the opened places.

In the case of a reinforced concrete slab, the strength of concrete, the nature of the reinforcement of beams and slabs, the thickness of the slab are determined and all defects are recorded.

When slabs on metal beams with brick vaults, the strength of the masonry of the vaults and the presence of puffs between the beams in the extreme spans are determined.

For timber floors, carefully examine the condition of the wood and especially the ends of the beams resting on the outer walls. If dry and surface rot is found, the dimensions of its distribution must be indicated on the drawing. In other cases, and especially if mold and signs of fungal infection are found on the surface of the wood, a laboratory study of the affected samples is necessary.

In addition to the inspection of the ceiling from the attic side, the ceilings of the apartments on the upper floor are inspected. In this case, the plaster is examined by tapping, and the exfoliated places are beaten off.

d) Inspection of rafters and roofs

When examining rafters and roofs, a measured plan and sections of the roof are drawn up, indicating the structure of the rafters. The scale of the drawings is taken for the plan 1: 100, for the section 1: 100 and 1: 50, for the details – 1: 20 and 1: 10. When examining the roof, the plan indicates places that require repair or re-coating.

After completion of the inspection of the building, the pits must be backfilled, and the openings of individual structures must be closed and restored.

e) Conclusion on the state of structures

The technical report on the state of structures is drawn up on the basis of survey materials and the results of laboratory tests of soil and material samples.

It consists of two parts: verification calculations of the strength of the supporting structures of the existing building and conclusions about the possibility of a superstructure.

Calculations of foundations and other supporting structures are made for two cases: without a superstructure and with a superstructure.

If, as a result of calculations, it turns out that some load-bearing structures after the superstructure do not meet the strength conditions, then it is necessary either to strengthen them, or change the scheme of the load-bearing structures or reduce the originally estimated number of floors to be built on.

The opinion on the possibility of an add-on must contain the following data:
a) assessment of the strength of the building and its individual parts;
b) the values ​​of the maximum design resistance after the superstructure in individual structural elements;
c) a conclusion on the possibility of a superstructure, the number of floors to be built on and strengthening the structures.

IV. Inspection of sanitary and special devices

When inspecting the central heating and ventilation system, it is necessary to show on the basement plan the equipment of the boiler room and boiler room, fuel storage, piping and risers. On the attic plan, it is necessary to show the upper wiring, expansion tank, ventilation ducts and chambers. On the floor plans – the location of the risers.

When examining stove heating, if it remains, it is necessary to measure and mark the dimensions of the stoves on the plan, as well as examine their condition.

After examining other types of engineering equipment, all water supply, sewerage, gas, electrical equipment inlets are applied to the master plan, indicating the dimensions of their cross sections. The basement plan indicates the entry points for all external networks, water meters, pumping stations to increase pressure, laundries with their equipment, electrical distribution points, etc.

If available, in the elevator building, the shafts and engine rooms are measured and put on the plan, indicating the brand and load capacity of the lifts, as well as the power of the installed motors and the load capacity of the winches.

Similar articles:
Crane beams

Navigation:

• Crane beams
• Non-binding filling of light openings in walls
• Window frames and panels
• Walls of multi-storey buildings
• Walls made of metal sheets and panels

Home → Directory → Articles → Blog → Forum